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A Physical Activity Intervention in Older African Americans: The PAACE Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of, and satisfaction with, a community-engaged physical activity intervention targeting older African Americans. Methods Fifty-six older African Americans were randomized to a successful aging group (SAG) or a physical activity group (PAG) for 12 wk. The PAG consisted of two weekly group exercise sessions and two to three home-based exercise sessions per week. The SAG consisted of weekly group educational sessions related to various aspects of healthy aging. Physical activity was measured by ActiGraph accelerometers and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program fo...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Metabolic Alterations Differentiating Cardiovascular Maladaptation from Athletic Training in American-Style Football Athletes
Purpose Metabolomics identifies molecular products produced in response to numerous stimuli, including both adaptive (includes exercise training) and disease processes. We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of American-style football (ASF) athletes, who reliably acquire maladaptive cardiovascular (CV) phenotypes during competitive training, with high-resolution metabolomics to determine whether metabolomics can discriminate exercise-induced CV adaptations from early CV pathology. Methods Matched discovery (n = 42) and validation (n = 40) multicenter cohorts of collegiate freshman ASF athletes were studied with longi...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Hepcidin and Erythroferrone Complement the Athlete Biological Passport in the Detection of Autologous Blood Transfusion
Purpose We investigated whether hepcidin and erythroferrone (ERFE) could complement the athlete biological passport (ABP) in indirectly detecting a 130-mL packed red blood cells (RBC) autologous blood transfusion. Endurance performance was evaluated. Methods Forty-eight healthy men (n = 24) and women (n = 24) participated. Baseline samples were collected weekly followed by randomization to a blood transfusion (BT, n = 24) or control group (CON, n = 24). Only the BT group donated 450 mL whole blood from which 130 mL red blood cell was reinfused 4 wk later. Blood samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Caffeine Increases Endurance Performance via Changes in Neural and Muscular Determinants of Performance Fatigability
Conclusions Caffeine ingestion improves performance during high-intensity, whole-body exercise via attenuation of exercise-induced reduction in VA and contractile function. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Importance of Overall Activity and Intensity of Activity for Cardiometabolic Risk in Those with and Without a Chronic Disease
Introduction Higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the relative contribution of overall activity and the intensity of activity are unclear. Our aim was to determine the relative contribution of overall activity and intensity distribution of activity to cardiometabolic risk in a cross-sectional analysis of apparently healthy office workers and in people with one or more chronic disease. Methods Clustered cardiometabolic risk score was calculated from mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HbA1c. Open-source software (GG...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Potato Protein Ingestion Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates at Rest and during Recovery from Exercise in Humans
This study compares muscle protein synthesis rates after the ingestion of 30 g potato protein versus 30 g milk protein at rest and during recovery from a single bout of resistance exercise in healthy, young males. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 24 healthy young males (24 ± 4 yr) received primed continuous l-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusions while ingesting 30 g potato-derived protein or 30 g milk protein after a single bout of unilateral resistance exercise. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected for 5 h after protein ingestion to assess postprandial plasma amino acid profiles and...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Tacklers’ Head Inertial Accelerations Can Be Decreased by Altering the Way They Engage in Contact with Ball Carriers’ Torsos
This study aimed to investigate how four types of successfully executed, legal front-on, one-on-one torso tackles influence the tacklers’ and ball carriers’ inertial head kinematics. Methods A total of 455 successful front-on, one-on-one torso tackle trials completed by 15 rugby code players using three-dimensional motion capture were recorded. Tackles differed with respects to the height of the contact point on the ball carrier’s torso. A series of mixed general linear models were conducted. Results The tackler sustained the highest peak resultant linear (P (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise–Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in physical function and metabolic health. Muscle is a highly adaptable tissue that responds to resistance exercise (RE; loading) by hypertrophying, or during muscle disuse, RE mitigates muscle loss. Resistance exercise training (RET)–induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a product of external (e.g., RE programming, diet, some supplements) and internal variables (e.g., mechanotransduction, ribosomes, gene expression, satellite cells activity). RE is undeniably the most potent nonpharmacological external variable to stimulate the activation/suppression of internal variables linked to...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Genetic Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: The Trøndelag Health Study
Conclusions We identified 38 novel SNP associated with V̇O2peak in HUNT. Two SNP were nominally replicated in UKB. Several interesting genes emerged from the functional analyses, among them one previously reported to be associated with CVD and another with CRF. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Physical and Physiological Characterization of Female Elite Warfighters
Conclusions These pioneering women possessed high strength and aerobic capacity, low %BF; high fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and bone mass and density; and they were not virilized based on endocrine measures as compared with other reference groups. This group is larger in body size and leaner than the average Army woman. These elite physical performers seem most comparable to female competitive strength athletes. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Heat Training Efficiently Increases and Maintains Hemoglobin Mass and Temperate Endurance Performance in Elite Cyclists
Purpose and Methods To test whether heat training performed as 5 × 50-min sessions per week for 5 wk in a heat chamber (CHAMBER) or while wearing a heat suit (SUIT), in temperate conditions, increases hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and endurance performance in elite cyclists, compared with a control group (CON-1). Furthermore, after the 5-wk intervention, we tested whether three sessions per week for 3 wk with heat suit (SUITmain) would maintain Hbmass elevated compared with athletes who returned to normal training (HEATstop) or who continued to be the control group (CON-2). Results During the initial 5 wk, SUIT and ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Monitoring Responses to Basic Military Training with Heart Rate Variability
This study examines the suitability of overnight HRV as a repeated measure of allostatic load in defense personnel. Methods Daily measures of sleep, cognitive load, and perceived exertion were reported for the 12-wk duration of basic military training (BMT) in 48 recruits. Physical activity, subjective well-being, and HRV were measured weekly. The natural log of the root mean square of successive differences of interbeat intervals (Ln RMSSD) and the Ln RMSSD to interbeat interval ratio (Ln RMSSD:RRi ratio) during predicted slow wave sleep were used for HRV. Physical performance was assessed via the 20-m shuttle run ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Physical Activity Behaviors of a Middle-Age South African Cohort as Determined by Integrated Hip and Thigh Accelerometry
Conclusions Integrating signals from hip and thigh accelerometers enables characterization of physical behaviors that can be applied in an African population. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Brain Structure and Function Predict Adherence to an Exercise Intervention in Older Adults
Conclusions Our results suggest that there is a substantial utility of using brain-based measures in future research into precision and individualized exercise interventions older adults. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Gut Leakage and Cardiac Biomarkers after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise
Purpose Transient increase in the cardiac biomarkers troponin T (cTnT) and NT-proBNP are observed during strenuous exercise, even in healthy athletes. Gut leakage, the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the circulation, is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease but has also been reported after prolonged endurance exercise. We aimed to explore the link between exercise-induced gut leakage and cardiac biomarker release. Methods Participants in Norseman Xtreme Triathlon (Norseman) were included (n = 44, age 43 ± 9 yr, 9 [21%] women). Blood samples were taken before and imm...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 19, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research