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Motor Competence and Health-related Fitness of School-Age Children: A Two-Year Latent Transition Analysis
Conclusions Results demonstrated that children’s physical performance profiles are stable from late childhood to early adolescence. This study suggests that the early elementary school years are essential for the development of children’s MC and health-related fitness. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Determinants of Performance in Paced and Maximal 800-m Running Time Trials
Purpose We aimed to identify the underpinning physiological and speed/mechanical determinants of different types of 800-m running time trials (i.e., with a positive or negative pacing strategy) and key components within each 800-m time trial (i.e., first and final 200 m). Methods Twenty trained male 800-m runners (800-m personal best time (min:s): 1:55.10 ± 0:04.44) completed a maximal 800-m time trial (800MAX) and one pacing trial, whereby runners were paced for the first lap, and speed was reduced by 7.5% (800PACE) relative to 800MAX, whereas the last lap was completed in the fastest time possible. Anaerobic ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Energy Expenditure of a Male and Female Tennis Player during Association of Tennis Professionals/Women’s Tennis Association and Grand Slam Events Measured by Doubly Labeled Water
Conclusions This novel data positions elite tennis, played at the highest level, as a highly energetic demanding sport, highlighting that nutritional strategies should ensure sufficient energy availability during competition schedules. Understanding the total energy expenditure (TEE) for competition and training in sport are vital to ensure suitable nutritional strategies. This study assessed TEE of a world class male and female tennis player during competition at the highest level. Participants: Career high ranking, Female: Women’s Tennis Association top 10; Male: Association of Tennis Professionals top 15. (Sour...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

ɑ-Lactalbumin Improves Sleep and Recovery after Simulated Evening Competition in Female Athletes
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of α-lactalbumin (A-LAC) supplementation for improving sleep and performance recovery after simulated evening competition in female athletes. Methods Sixteen trained women (mean ± SD: age, 27 ± 7 yr; mass, 62 ± 10 kg; stature, 167 ± 8 cm) participated in this randomized double-blind three-arm crossover study. Participants completed a simulated evening competition before consuming either an A-LAC whey protein, whey protein placebo (PLA), or water control (CON) beverage. Sleep was monitored via polysomnography, and participants completed a series of physical, cognitive, ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) Study: Impact on the Vascular System
Purpose Healthy pregnancy is typically associated with favorable vascular adaptations to both structure and function of the peripheral arteries. Exercise is independently associated with improvements in peripheral vascular health; however, the impact of exercise on prenatal adaptations is unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that a structured aerobic exercise intervention between the second and third trimesters (TM2 and TM3, respectively) of pregnancy would augment the already-positive changes in vascular outcomes. Methods We recruited 59 inactive pregnant women ( (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Sex Differences in Muscle Metaboreflex Activation after Static Handgrip Exercise
Purpose Larger blood pressure (BP) responses to relative-intensity static exercise in men versus women are thought to involve altered muscle metaboreflex activation, but whether this is because of an intrinsic sex difference in metabolite production or differences in muscle strength and absolute load is unknown. Methods Continuous BP and heart rate were recorded in 200 healthy young men and women (women: n = 109) during 2 min of static handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), followed by 2 min of postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recor...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Associations between Hamstring Fatigue and Sprint Kinematics during a Simulated Football (Soccer) Match
Conclusions During a football match simulation, maximal voluntary isometric hamstring torque declines. This decline is related to greater peak knee extension and peak combined angle during sprint running, which indicates a reduced capacity of the hamstrings to decelerate the lower leg during sprint running with fatigue. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Twelve Months of Time-restricted Eating and Resistance Training Improves Inflammatory Markers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Conclusions Our results suggest that long-term TRE combined with a resistance training program is feasible, safe, and effective in reducing inflammatory markers and risk factors related to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Development of Muscle–Tendon Adaptation in Preadolescent Gymnasts and Untrained Peers: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study
Purpose The current study investigated the effects of long-term athletic training on the development of the triceps surae muscle–tendon unit in preadolescence. Methods Eleven preadolescent untrained children and a group of 21 artistic gymnastics athletes of similar age (9 ± 1.7 yr) and maturity (Tanner stages I and II) participated in the study. The measurements were conducted every 3 months for 1 yr, and training volume and duration of the athletes were documented. Plantar flexor muscle strength, Achilles tendon stiffness, maximum tendon strain, and gastrocnemius medialis morphometrics were measured by integ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Anthropometric, Physiological, and Performance Developments in Cross-country Skiers
This study aimed to describe changes in laboratory-assessed anthropometric and physiological characteristics, training volumes, and competitive performance in national development-team cross-country skiers over a 25-month period, and to analyze whether changes in competitive performance could be predicted by changes in laboratory-assessed qualities and training volumes. Methods Data collected over 25 months from 30 national development-team cross-country skiers (14 women, 16 men; age, 18–23 yr) were analyzed retrospectively using multivariate statistics. Anthropometric and physiological characteristics were assess...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Sex Differences in Cardiac Adaptation to Distinct Modalities of Exercise: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study
Conclusion Eccentric hypertrophy in response to END training was more apparent in males than females, whereas there were no notable cardiac changes between sexes for RES training. The proportion of low versus high responders to training was not sex specific for LVM or EDV in response to either commonly prescribed exercise training modality. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Four-Second Power Cycling Training Increases Maximal Anaerobic Power, Peak Oxygen Consumption, and Total Blood Volume
We examined the effects of training at near maximal anaerobic power during cycling (PC) on maximal anaerobic power, peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak), and total blood volume in 11 young healthy individuals (age: 21.3 ± 0.5 yr) (six men, five women). Methods Participants trained three times a week for 8 wk performing a PC program consisting of 30 bouts of 4 s at an all-out intensity (i.e., 2 min of exercise per session). The cardiovascular stress progressively increased over the weeks by decreasing the recovery time between sprints (30–24 s to 15 s), and thus, total session time decreased from 17 to (Source: Med...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Relationship of Physical Activity at Older Age with Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: A Large, Population-based Cohort Study
Conclusions This first population-based cohort study suggests that regular physical activity at older age could reduce oxidative stress. With the multifold potential adverse health consequences of chronically increased, systemic oxidative stress in mind, physical activity should be intensively promoted for all older adults as a measure to prevent age-related diseases. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Maternal Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity before and during Pregnancy and Maternal Glucose Tolerance: Does Timing Matter?
Conclusions These findings demonstrate that achieving MVPA of at least 760.0 MET·min·wk−1 in early-to-mid second trimester or maintaining at least 500 MET·min·wk−1 from preconception through second trimester may be related to improved maternal glucose metabolism in the second trimester. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Sedentary Behavior in U.S. Adults: Fall 2019
Purpose Higher levels of sedentary behavior are associated with early mortality, but the distribution of sedentary time by classes of behavior and demographic groups is poorly described in U.S. adults. To quantify the amount and sources of sedentary time in U.S. adults, we conducted a nationwide survey using a novel validated self-administered previous-day recall method and compared these values with a commonly used sitting time question. Methods Participants from the AmeriSpeak panel 20 to 75 yr of age (N = 2640) completed up to two activities completed over time in 24 h (ACT24) previous-day recalls. Recalls we...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research