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School-Age Children’s Actual Motor Competence and Perceived Physical Competence: A 3-Yr Follow-up
Conclusions The acquisition of fundamental motor skills in childhood and early adolescence is a prerequisite for enhancing MC and PC. The contribution of locomotor skills to PC indicated that versatile lower limb strength, speed, dynamic balance, and movement skills are important for positive subjective beliefs about PC capability. Increasing the MC skills of the children in most need, particularly those with high BMI scores, merits special attention. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Gait Biomechanics and Balance Associate with Talar and Subtalar T1ρ Relaxation Times in Those with Chronic Ankle Instability
Conclusions In individuals with CAI, worse postural control and altered kinematic, kinetic, and spatiotemporal outcomes demonstrate moderate to strong associations with greater talar T1ρ and/or subtalar relaxation times (i.e., less proteoglycan content). Associations between modifiable neuromechanical variables and greater T1ρ relaxation times may represent potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate ankle joint degeneration in those with CAI. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

The Timing of Thigh Muscle Activity Is a Factor Limiting Performance in the Deceleration Phase of the 100-m Dash
Purpose We aimed to examine the timing of electromyography activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in both legs, as well as spatiotemporal variables (running speed (RS), step frequency (SF), step length (SL)) between the maximal speed (Max) phase (50–70 m) and the deceleration (Dec) phase (80–100 m) of the 100-m dash. Methods Nine track and field athletes performed the 100-m dash with maximal effort. Spatiotemporal variables of each 10-m section were measured. A portable wireless data logger was attached to the subject’s lower back to record electromyographies. We calculated onset/offse...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, BMI, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Conclusions Greater CRF is associated with reduced risks of mortality and cardiovascular disease events. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Lifestyle Behaviors with Pericardial Adipose Tissue: The MESA Study
We examined associations of sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with pericardial adipose tissue (PAT). Methods Adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were included from exam years 1 (2000–2002; N = 6057; mean age, 62.2 yr; 52.9% female, 38.0% White; 12.8% Chinese American, 26.7% African American, 22.5% Hispanic American), 2 (2002–2004), and 3 (2004–2005). Weekly volume of SB, LPA, and MVPA (in MET-hours per week) was reported using a questionnaire. PAT volume (in cubic centimeters) was quantified using comp...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Increased Mass-Specific Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate with Small versus Large Muscle Mass Exercise
Conclusions Mass-specific MFO is increased by exercising a small muscle mass, potentially explained by increased perfusion and more favorable conditions for O2 delivery than during whole-body exercise. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

A New Approach to Improve the Validity of Doubly Labeled Water to Assess CO2 Production during High-Energy Turnover
Conclusions The overnight-slope method resulted in a more accurate estimation of CO2 production and EE compared with the plateau or slope-intercept method over a 5-d period in high physical activity conditions. Day-to-day determination of EE using the overnight-slope method was more accurate than diet recall and several standard prediction equations in athletes. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Trained Integrated Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Correlate with Hypertrophy in Young Males and Females
Purpose Resistance training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the summated effects of postexercise elevations in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) that persist for up to 48 h, although research in females is currently lacking. MyoPS is regulated by mTOR translocation and colocalization; however, the effects of resistance training on these intracellular processes are unknown. We hypothesized that MyoPS would correlate with hypertrophy only after training in both sexes and would be associated with intracellular redistribution of mTOR. Methods Recreationally active males and females (n = 10 each) underwe...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake After Sprint-Interval Training Coincide with Increases in Central Hemodynamic Factors
Introduction Sprint-interval training has been shown to improve maximal oxygen uptake, in part through peripheral muscle adaptations that increase oxygen utilization. In contrast, the adaptations of central hemodynamic factors in this context remain unexplored. Purpose The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of sprint-interval training on maximal oxygen uptake and central hemodynamic factors. Methods Healthy men and women (n = 29; mean age, 27 ± 5 yr; height, 175 ± 8 cm; body mass, 72.5 ± 12.0 kg) performed 6 wk of sprint-interval training consisting of three weekly sessions of 10-min l...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Acute Exercise Regulates hTERT Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing in the hTERT-BAC Transgenic Mouse Model
Conclusions Endurance exercise increased hTERT gene expression, and altered FL hTERT splicing in contractile tissues and may maintain telomere length necessary to improve the function and health of the organism. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Identifying Gait Pathology after ACL Reconstruction Using Temporal Characteristics of Kinetics and Electromyography
Purpose Asymmetrical gait mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are associated with the development of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. Current measures of gait mechanics have focused heavily on peak magnitudes of knee kinematics, kinetics, and joint contact forces but have seldom considered the rate of knee loading, cumulative knee load, or the timing of motor input surrounding peaks. The purpose of this study was to introduce and describe novel metrics of gait using temporal characteristics of kinetics and EMG to identify neuromuscular deficits of the quadriceps in patients after ACLR. ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Association between Preseason/Regular Season Head Impact Exposure and Concussion Incidence in NCAA Football
Conclusions These findings demonstrate a prolonged effect of HIE on concussion risk, wherein elevated preseason HIE was associated with higher concussion risk both during the preseason and throughout the entire fall season. This investigation is the first to provide evidence supporting the hypothesis of a relationship between elevated HIE during the college football preseason and a sustained decreased tolerance for concussion throughout that season. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Postconcussion Dizziness Severity Predicts Daily Step Count during Recovery among Adolescent Athletes
Conclusions Self-reported dizziness, but not overall symptom severity or postural stability, assessed within 14 d of concussion predicted daily step count in the subsequent 2 wk. Given the importance of PA for concussion recovery, treating acute postconcussion dizziness can potentially reduce a barrier to PA and improve recovery trajectories. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Shoulder Pain, Function, and Ultrasound-Determined Structure in Elite Wheelchair-Using Para Athletes: An Observational Study
Conclusions Elite para athletes who use manual wheelchairs for daily mobility have a high prevalence of shoulder symptoms, positive signs on physical examination, and ultrasound-determined tissue pathology. Ultrasound-determined tissue pathology does not correlate with symptoms or signs. This information can help to guide clinicians in managing shoulder problems in this athlete population at high risk of injury. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Exercise Intolerance in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Purpose Determine 1) if adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) exhibit exercise intolerance and 2) potential contributing mechanisms to exercise intolerance, specific to FSHD. Methods Eleven people with FSHD (47 ± 13 yr, 4 females) and 11 controls (46 ± 13 yr, 4 females) completed one visit, which included a volitional peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) cycling test. Breath-by-breath gas exchange, ventilation, and cardiovascular responses were measured at rest and during exercise. The test featured 3-min stages (speed, 65–70 rpm) with incremental increases in intensity (FSHD: 20 W per sta...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research