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Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Functional Effects of Home-Based Exercise Training after COVID-19 Hospitalization
Introduction The present randomized, single-center, and single-blinded clinical trial tested the hypothesis that tele-supervised home-based exercise training (exercise) is an effective strategy for improving cardiovascular, respiratory, and functional capacity parameters in individuals who were hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Thirty-two individuals (52 ± 10 yr; 17 were female) randomly assigned to exercise (n = 12) or control groups (n = 20) had their anthropometric (weight, body mass index), hemodynamic (brachial and central blood pressure), vascular (arterial stiffness), venti...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Development of a Novel Accelerometry-Based Performance Fatigability Measure for Older Adults
Introduction Efforts to study performance fatigability have been limited because of measurement constrains. Accelerometry and advanced statistical methods may enable us to quantify performance fatigability more granularly via objective detection of performance decline. Thus, we developed the Pittsburgh Performance Fatigability Index (PPFI) using triaxial raw accelerations from wrist-worn accelerometer from two in-laboratory 400-m walks. Methods Sixty-three older adults from our cross-sectional study (mean age, 78 yr; 56% women; 88% White) completed fast-paced (n = 59) and/or usual-paced 400-m walks (n = 56) with...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Methodological Advances Source Type: research

Worse Tibiofemoral Cartilage Composition Is Associated with Insufficient Gait Kinetics After ACL Reconstruction
Conclusions Associations between worse T1ρ profiles and increases in KAM may be driven by the normalization of KAM in individuals who initially exhibit insufficient KAM 6 months post-ACLR. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Resistance Exercise Increases Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Markers of Gut Permeability, and Damage in Resistance-Trained Adults
This study aimed to determine the influence of acute resistance exercise (RE) and biological sex on subjective gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, GI epithelial damage, and GI permeability in resistance-trained males and females. Methods Thirty resistance-trained men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) completed an RE bout and a nonexercise control (CON) session in a randomized counterbalanced design. The RE protocol used a load of 70% one-repetition maximum for 4 sets of 10 repetitions with a 90-s rest period length between sets and a 120-s rest period between exercises (squat, seated shoulder press, deadlift, bent-over row, a...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Prior Involvement of Central Motor Drive Does Not Impact Performance and Neuromuscular Fatigue in a Subsequent Endurance Task
Conclusions These results suggest that central motor drive involvement during prior exercise plays a negligible role on the subsequent endurance performance. Therefore, our findings indicate that peripheral fatigue–mediated impairments are the primary determinants of high-intensity single-leg endurance performance. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Association of Cardiovascular Risk Markers and Fitness with Task-Related Neural Activity during Animacy Perception
Conclusions The present findings can provide new insights into the role of markers for cardiovascular health and fitness, specifically their association with social cognition and the underlying neural basis. The intervention for cardiovascular risk and fitness could be a potentially cost-effective method of targeting social cognition. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Functional Resistance Training Improves Thigh Muscle Strength after ACL Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Purpose Quadriceps weakness is common after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, resulting in prolonged disability and increased risk for reinjury and osteoarthritis. Functional resistance training (FRT) combines resistance training with task-specific training and may prove beneficial in restoring quadriceps strength. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a walking-specific FRT program (e.g., resisted walking) improves knee strength in individuals after ACL reconstruction. Methods Thirty participants were randomized into one of three groups: 1) FRT with a customized knee BRACE applied...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Effects of Exercise Training Intensity and Duration on Skeletal Muscle Capillarization in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-analysis
This study aimed to investigate the effect of intensity and duration of continuous and interval exercise training on capillarization in skeletal muscle of healthy adults. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021. Eligibility criteria for studies were endurance exercise training>2 wk in healthy adults, and the capillary to fiber ratio (C:F) and/or capillary density (CD) reported. Meta-analyses were performed, and subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted by the characteristics of participants and training scheme. Results Fifty-seven trials from 38 studies were included (10%...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

The Differential Effects of Adiposity and Fitness on Functional Connectivity in Preadolescent Children
Conclusions These novel results extend the current literature to suggest that BMI and adiposity are negatively associated with, and cardiorespiratory fitness (corrected for fat-free mass) is positively associated with, RSFC networks in children. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Individualized Endurance Training Based on Recovery and Training Status in Recreational Runners
Purpose Long-term development of endurance performance requires a proper balance between strain and recovery. Because responses and adaptations to training are highly individual, this study examined whether individually adjusted endurance training based on recovery and training status would lead to greater adaptations compared with a predefined program. Methods Recreational runners were divided into predefined (PD; n = 14) or individualized (IND; n = 16) training groups. In IND, the training load was decreased, maintained, or increased twice a week based on nocturnal heart rate variability, perceived recovery, a...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Muscle Performance during the Menstrual Cycle Correlates with Psychological Well-Being, but Not Fluctuations in Sex Hormones
Conclusions Impairments in CMJ and Wingate performance were observed at the end and start of MC compared with other MC phases, which were associated with lower psychological well-being, but not the sex hormone fluctuations. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Time Course of Performance Fatigability during Exercise below, at, and above the Critical Intensity in Females and Males
This study aimed to investigate the time course and amplitude of performance fatigability during cycling at intensities around the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) until task failure (TTF). Methods Ten females and 11 males were evaluated in eight visits: 1) ramp incremental test; 2–3) 30-min constant power output (PO) cycling for MLSS determination; and 4–8) cycling to TTF at PO relative to the MLSS of (i) −15%, (ii) −10 W, (iii) at MLSS, and (iv) +10 W, and (v) +15%. Performance fatigability was characterized by femoral nerve electrical stimulation of knee extensors at baseline; minutes 5, 10, 20, and 30...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Types of Sports and Exercise Group Participation and Sociopsychological Health in Older Adults: A 3-Yr Longitudinal Study
Conclusions Golf in older men and walking, weight exercises, and hiking in older women could be recommended as an effective program for promoting sociopsychological health among older adults in Japan. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Sex-Specific Physiological Responses to Ultramarathon
Conclusions Ultramarathon negatively affects a range of physiological functions but generally evokes more frequent perturbations, with larger effect sizes, in males compared to females with similar race performances. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Comparison between Eccentric-Only and Coupled Concentric–Eccentric Contractions for Neuromuscular Fatigue and Muscle Damage
Purpose Eccentric contractions induce muscle damage, but less is known about the effects of preceding concentric contractions to eccentric contractions on muscle damage. We compared eccentric-only (ECC) and coupled concentric and eccentric contractions (CON–ECC) of the knee extensors for parameters of neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage. Methods Twenty participants (age, 19–36 yr) were randomly placed into an ECC or a CON–ECC group (n = 10 per group), without significant (P> 0.06) differences in baseline neuromuscular variables between groups. The ECC group performed six sets of eight ECC at 80% of ECC...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 23, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research