Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Effect of Concurrent Training on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity
Conclusions
HIIT + RT is an effective modality to reduce abdominal/visceral FM and improve physical capacity in nondieting overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Training modified intestinal microbiota composition, and the response to training seems to depend on the initial microbiota profile. More studies are needed to determine whether microbiota composition could predict the individual training response. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Differences in Left Ventricular Function at Rest and during Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Elite Aquatic Sport Athletes
Conclusions
Among male athletes, Sw display primarily volume-based functional adaptations distinct from the mixed volume–pressure adaptations of WP; however, both groups can maintain stroke volume with increased afterload. Female Sw and WP do not demonstrate sport-specific differences like males, perhaps owing to sex differences in adaptation, but have greater volume-based adaptations than AS. Lastly, AS display unique functional adaptations that may be driven by elevated pressures under low-volume conditions. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Fitness Level‐ and Sex-Related Differences in Macrovascular and Microvascular Responses during Reactive Hyperemia
Conclusions
Whereas NIRS-VOT outcomes identified fitness- and sex-related differences in vascular responses, %FMD did not. However, when RH-related outcomes from the FMD analysis were considered, fitness- and/or sex-related differences were detected. These data highlight the importance of integrating FMD and NIRS-VOT outcomes for a more comprehensive evaluation of vascular function. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Blood Perfusion and Work Ability of Muscles in Elite Para-alpine Skiers
Purpose
The effects of short-term blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise on muscle blood flow perfusion and performance during high-intensity exercise were determined in elite para-alpine standing skiers to assess whether this would be an effective training regimen for elite athletes with disabilities.
Methods
Nine national-level para-alpine standing skiers (mean age, 20.67 ± 1.34 yr; four women) were recruited. Nondominant lower limbs were trained with BFR (eight in final analyses), and dominant lower limbs were trained without BFR (seven in final analyses). The 2-wk protocol included high-load resistance, loca...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Long-Term Passive Leg Stretch Improves Systemic Vascular Responsiveness as Much as Single-Leg Exercise Training
Purpose
The current study compared the local and systemic vascular responsiveness after small muscle mass endurance training or passive stretching training (PST).
Methods
Thirty-six sex-matched healthy participants underwent 8-wk single-leg knee extension (SLKE) (n = 12) training or PST (n = 12), or no intervention (control, n = 12). Before and after the intervention, local and systemic vascular responsiveness was assessed by Doppler ultrasound at the femoral (local effect) and brachial artery (systemic effect) during single passive leg movement and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test, respectively.
Re...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Glucosamine Supplementation Improves Physical Performance in Trained Mice
Conclusions
Our results show that GlcN supplementation in aerobically trained mice, at doses equivalent to those conventionally used in humans, increases the protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers, improves motor coordination, and may have a synergistic effect with exercise training on running distance. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Acute Neuromuscular Response to Team Sports–Specific Running, Resistance, and Concurrent Training: A Crossover Study
This study aimed to examine the changes in muscle contractile function, voluntary activation, and muscle damage after lower limb resistance training (RT), intermittent sprint exercise, and concurrent training (CT).
Methods
Ten male, recreational team sport athletes with a history of RT participated in a randomized crossover study involving an intermittent sprint protocol (ISP), lower limb RT, and CT (ISP and RT separated by 1 h). Before (PRE), immediately after (POST), 24 h and 48 h after each exercise condition, quadriceps muscle activation, voluntary activation, muscle contractile function (evoked twitch responses...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Are Gait Biomechanics Related to Physical Activity Engagement? An Examination of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
This study has two purposes: first, to compare total body mechanical work between adolescents with ASD and neurotypical age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched controls, and second to determine whether gait biomechanics are significantly related to engagement in PA.
Methods
Twenty-five adolescents (age, 13–18 yr) with ASD and 17 neurotypical controls (eight with ASD had no match) participated in the study. Three-dimensional motion capture and force platforms were used to record and analyze gait biomechanics at self-selected speeds and a standardized 1.3 m·s−1. Total body mechanical work (sum of joint works ac...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Lumbar Bone Mineral Adaptation: The Effect of Fast Bowling Technique in Adolescent Cricketers
Conclusions
Thoracolumbar and lumbopelvic motion are implicated in the etiology of the unique lumbar bone adaptation observed in fast bowlers whereas vertical ground reaction force, independent of body mass, was not. This may further implicate the osteogenic potential of torsional rather than impact loading in exercise-induced adaptation. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Predicting Shoulder Force to Prevent Injury: Body Fat Mass Increases Shoulder Stress among Pitchers
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between whole body and throwing arm composition and length with throwing shoulder distraction and anterior force. Literature shows a relationship between shoulder force and pain; therefore, as well as between body mass and pain, it was hypothesized that pitchers with greater body fat mass would display increased throwing shoulder force during the acceleration phase of the softball pitch.
Methods
Thirty-eight high school softball pitchers from southern United States agreed to participate (1.69 ± 0.07 m, 74.71 ± 16.36 kg, 15.2 ± 1.1 yr). All proc...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Reported by Former Professional Football Players over 50 yr of Age: An NFL-LONG Study
Conclusions
Self-reported MCI prevalence and dementia prevalence were higher in former NFL players than national estimates and were associated with numerous personal factors, including mood-related disorders and a high number of self-reported concussions. Predictors of higher MCI and dementia prevalence may be modifiable and warrant consideration by clinicians and researchers as potential targets to mitigate the onset of these conditions. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research
Proportion of Cancer Cases Attributable to Physical Inactivity by US State, 2013–2016
Conclusions
Our results indicate that promoting physical activity through broad implementation of interventions could prevent many cancer cases. Over 46,000 cancer cases annually could be potentially avoided if the American population met the recommended 5 h·wk−1 of moderate-intensity (or 15 (MET)-h·wk−1) physical activity. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research
Influence of Age and Estradiol on Sympathetic Nerve Activity Responses to Exercise in Women
Introduction
Postmenopausal women (PMW) display exaggerated increases in blood pressure (BP) during exercise, yet the mechanism(s) involved remain unclear. Moreover, research on the impact of menopausal changes in estradiol on cardiovascular control during exercise are limited. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that sympathetic responses during exercise are augmented in PMWcompared with young women (YW), and estradiol administration attenuates these responses.
Methods
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured in 13 PMW (58 ± 1 yr) and 17 YW (22 ± 1 yr) during 2 min ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research
Effects of Prolonged Sitting with or without Elastic Garments on Limb Volume, Arterial Blood Flow, and Muscle Oxygenation
Purpose
The physiological response induced by acute prolonged sitting is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of 8-h constant sitting on microcirculation and associated factors in the lower extremity among healthy males. We also evaluated the protective effects of lower-pressure thigh-length elastic compression garments on these parameters.
Methods
Nine healthy males (age, 22.6 ± 1.4 yr; body mass index, 22.4 ± 1.8 kg·m−2) completed the 8-h constant sitting experiment. Following baseline measurements, each subject was randomized to wear a lower-pressure elastic garment on the right or le...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research
Eccentric Overload during Resistance Exercise: A Stimulus for Enhanced Satellite Cell Activation
This study aimed to assess if one bout of concentric/eccentric exercise with damaging eccentric overload (CON/ECC+) provides a sufficient stimulus to induce SC activation, proliferation, and differentiation.
Methods
Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of recreationally active men were obtained in the rested condition and again from the contralateral leg 7 d after exhaustive concentric/eccentric (CON/ECC) (n = 15) or CON/ECC+ (n = 15) leg extension exercise and in a nonexercising control group (CG) (n = 10). Total SC number (Pax7+), activated (Pax7+/MyoD+), and differentiating (myogenin+) SCs, fiber type distri...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research
