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Detecting Sleep and Nonwear in 24-h Wrist Accelerometer Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Conclusions A novel machine-learning algorithm was designed to recognize wake-wear, sleep-wear, and nonwear in 24-h wrist-worn accelerometer data that are applicable for ISM-filtered data or original raw data. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Efficacy of Isothermic Conditioning over Military-Based Heat Acclimatization and Interval Training in Tropical Native Males
Purpose We compared the effectiveness of three field-based training programs, namely military-based heat acclimatization (MHA), isothermic conditioning (IC) and interval training (IT), in inducing physiological adaptations in tropical natives. Methods Fifty-one untrained tropical native males (mean ± standard deviation: age, 25 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 23.6 ± 3.2 kg·m−2; body fat, 19% ± 5%; 2.4-km run time, 13.2 ± 0.9 min) donned the Full Battle Order attire (22 kg) and performed a treadmill route march heat stress test in an environmental chamber (dry bulb temperature, 29.9°C ± 0.5°C; relative humidi...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Peak Circulatory Power during Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Reference Standards from the FRIEND Registry
This study aimed to establish age- and sex-specific reference standards for peak CircP derived from a healthy cohort from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Database (FRIEND). Methods CPX test data from apparently healthy males and females from eight FRIEND United States exercise laboratories were considered. Inclusion criteria included ages 20–79 yr and a maximal, symptom-limited exercise test performed on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. CircP was calculated as the product of peak oxygen consumption and peak systolic blood pressure. Reference values were determined on both treadmill a...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Childhood Factors Associated with Muscular Strength Trajectories between Childhood and Mid-Adulthood
Conclusions In addition to providing health benefits in the short term, physical activity, physical fitness, positive health attitudes, and healthy weight in childhood may lead to better muscular strength in the long term. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Examining the Gradient of All-Cause Mortality Risk in Women across the Cardiorespiratory Fitness Continuum
Purpose Although cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in women, less is known regarding the gradient of mortality risk in women, particularly at the lower end of the CRF continuum. Methods A total of 17,901 healthy women (mean age, 45.9 yr) completed a baseline clinical examination, including a maximal treadmill exercise test at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, between 1971 and 2016. Participants were placed into CRF quintiles based on age and treadmill time. Results After a mean follow-up period of 17.9 yr, 1198 all-cause deaths occurred. More favorable cardiom...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Functioning in Middle-Age and Older Adults Living in the United States: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
We examined the independent and joint effects of sedentary behavior and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with measures of physical functioning. Methods We studied 5408 participants in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study who wore a hip-mounted accelerometer over seven consecutive days (2009–2013) and had self-reported and directly observed physical function (time walk, chair stand test) measured during an in-home visit conducted from 2013 to 2016. Results Greater sedentary time was significantly associated with poorer chair stand and timed walk scores. Sub...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

A Polygenic Risk Score for Hand Grip Strength Predicts Muscle Strength and Proximal and Distal Functional Outcomes among Older Women
Purpose Hand grip strength (HGS) is a widely used indicator of overall muscle strength and general health. We computed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for HGS and examined whether it predicted muscle strength, functional capacity, and disability outcomes. Methods Genomewide association study summary statistics for HGS from the Pan-UK Biobank was used. PRS were calculated in the Finnish Twin Study on Aging (N = 429 women, 63–76 yr). Strength tests included HGS, isometric knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion strength. Functional capacity was examined with the Timed Up and Go, 6-min and 10-m walk tests, and dual...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Epigenome-Wide Association Study Identified VTI1A DNA Methylation Associated With Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity
Introduction Health benefits of physical activity (PA) may be mediated by DNA methylation alterations. The purpose of the current study was to comprehensively identify CpG sites whose methylation levels were associated with accelerometer-assessed total PA in a general Japanese population. Methods The study participants were from the baseline survey of Saga Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort. PA was objectively measured by a single-axis accelerometer for 7 d. We used a two-stage strategy. In the discovery stage, we performed a meta-analysis of two epigenome-wide association studies of total PA in 898 ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Sexual Harassment and Abuse among Young Elite Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Reference Students: A Prospective Study
Conclusions Because one in three elite athletes and nearly one in two recreational athletes and reference students, respectively, reported SHA victimization within a 12-month period, well-targeted preventive measures are needed for both young athletes and nonathletes. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Toward Personalized Exercise Medicine: A Cautionary Tale
This study aimed to examine individual exercise response rates across a range of cardiometabolic variables, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition in adults. Methods A retrospective analysis of data from three randomized controlled trials was used in this study. Participants include those who completed the given trial (control, n = 87; intervention, n = 251). Anthropometric (weight, body mass index, waist circumference), cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak), MRI-measured total adipose tissue (AT), abdominal subcutaneous AT, and visceral AT and common cardiometabolic variables were assessed pre- and postint...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Breaking Sitting Time with Physical Activity Increases Energy Expenditure but Does Not Alter Postprandial Metabolism in Girls
Conclusions Two consecutive days of breaking prolonged sitting with self-paced walking and intermittent standing had no meaningful effect on postprandial metabolism in adolescent girls. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Peak Muscle and Joint Contact Forces of Running with Increased Duty Factors
Conclusions Running with increased DF lowers internal loading measures related to support during stance. Although some swing-related muscles generated higher forces near the end of stance, running with increased DF can be considered as a preventive strategy to reduce the occurrence of running-related injuries, especially in running populations that are prone to overuse injuries. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Hip Contact Force Magnitude and Regional Loading Patterns Are Altered in Those with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Purpose The magnitude and location of hip contact force influence the local mechanical environment of the articular tissue, driving remodeling. We used a neuromusculoskeletal model to investigate hip contact force magnitudes and their regional loading patterns on the articular surfaces in those with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and controls during walking. Methods An EMG-assisted neuromusculoskeletal model was used to estimate hip contact forces in eligible participants with FAI syndrome (n = 41) and controls (n = 24), walking at self-selected speed. Hip contact forces were used to determine the a...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Very Low-Volume Interval Training in Advanced Cancer Patients
Conclusions Low-volume HIIT can be regarded as feasible and safe in advanced cancer patients. Our preliminary data indicate favorable acute effects on NK-cells and beneficial chronic adaptations in CRF, fatigue, and aspects of quality of life. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Moderators of Resistance Training Effects in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
This study aimed to analyze whether the effects of resistance exercise on whole-body fat and lean mass are moderated by exercise dosage (i.e., duration, volume, and intensity), age, body mass index, baseline values, assessment methods, and prescription of aerobic exercise and caloric restriction in overweight/obese adults. Methods A systematic search was undertaken in 11 databases from inception to December 2020, with an updated search undertaken in April 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on whole-body fat mass and lean mass in adults who were over...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 20, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research