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Six Days of Low Carbohydrate, Not Energy Availability, Alters the Iron and Immune Response to Exercise in Elite Athletes
Conclusions Short-term adherence to a LCHF diet elicited small yet unfavorable iron, immune, and stress responses to exercise. In contrast, no substantial alterations to athlete health were observed when athletes restricted energy availability compared with athletes with adequate energy availability. Therefore, short-term restriction of CHO, rather than energy, may have greater negative impacts on athlete health. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

An Association between Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in a Diverse Cohort of Collegiate Athletes
Introduction Although vitamin D is intimately involved in bone metabolism, the relationship between vitamin D status, as measured by serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, and bone mineral density (BMD) is weak, particularly in non-White populations. Measurement of bioavailable 25(OH)D has been suggested as a better indicator of vitamin D status than total 25(OH)D concentration. To date, the bioavailable 25(OH)D biomarker has been explored minimally in athletic populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations and BMD in co...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Resistance Training Load Effects on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Gain: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis—Corrigendum
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Foot and Ankle Instability: A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Surgical Management
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Complications in Orthopaedics: Sports Medicine
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine
This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: ACSM Official Pronouncement Source Type: research

A Narrative Analysis of the Progression in the Top 100 Marathon, Half-Marathon, and 10-km Road Race Times from 2001 to 2019
Conclusions The results suggest that recent world record performances are a result of overall circumstances affecting road racing (e.g., shoe technology) rather than the outstanding physiology of individual top runners, per se. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Predicting Upper Quadrant Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Military: A Cohort Study
This study aimed to identify characteristics and movement-based tests that predict upper quadrant musculoskeletal injury (UQI) in military personnel over a 12-month follow-up. Methods A prospective observational cohort study of military members (n = 494; 91.9% male) was conducted. Baseline predictors associated with UQI were gathered through surveys and movement-based tests. Survey data included demographic information, injury history, and biosocial factors. Movement-based tests include the following: Y Balance Tests (YBT), Functional Movement Screen, Selective Functional Movement Assessment lumbar multisegmental mo...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Factors Associated with the Willingness to Perform a Physical Employment Standard in Probation Officers
Conclusions These results suggest being older, previously injured, obese (body mass index ≥ 35 kg·m−2), and less active is associated with being less willing to participate in the PROPAT, whereas males and reporting a higher importance of the TASKRUN and TASKDRAG activities is associated with being more willing to participate in the PROPAT. Departments can use these findings to identify feasible strategies (e.g., education and physical training) to improve the implementation of physical employment standards. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Screening Hamstring Injury Risk Factors Multiple Times in a Season Does Not Improve the Identification of Future Injury Risk
Conclusions More frequent measures of eccentric knee flexor strength and BFlh architecture across a season did not improve the ability to identify which players would sustain an HSI. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Dynamic Control of Upper Limb Stretch Reflex in Wrestlers
Conclusions Our results suggest that high-level wrestlers have specific characteristics of the long-latency stretch reflex in the triceps brachii that are modulated in a situation-specific manner. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Acute Physical and Mental Activity Influence on Concussion Recovery
Conclusions The primary finding of this study was that mild to moderate PA acutely postconcussion was associated with reduced time to symptom free and return to participation as opposed to either lower or higher levels of PA. Conversely, acute MA was not associated with recovery outcomes. These results further elucidate the role of postconcussion PA. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Sport Participation and Academic Performance in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Conclusions Sports participation during school hours was more beneficial for academic performance compared with sport participation outside school hours. Based on mostly low-quality studies, we found some evidence that sport could positively affect academic performance in children and adolescents. It appears that sport participation of a moderate dose and at school could be used to promote academic performance. However, if this field were to inform policy, high-quality studies are needed that provide insight into the effect of dose and sport characteristics on academic performance. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Time Trends in Physical Activity Using Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from 1995 to 2017
Introduction Conflicting evidence exists on whether physical activity (PA) levels of humans have changed over the last quarter-century. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is evidence of time trends in PA, from cross-sectional studies that assessed PA at different time points using wearable devices (e.g., pedometers and accelerometers). A secondary objective was to quantify the rate of change in PA. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted of English-language studies indexed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (1960–2020) using search terms (time OR temporal OR secular...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Polygenic Score for Physical Activity Is Associated with Multiple Common Diseases
Conclusions Genetically less active persons are at a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, which may partly explain the previously observed associations between low PA and higher disease and mortality risk. The same inherited physical fitness and metabolism-related mechanisms may be associated both with PA levels and with cardiometabolic disease risk. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 27, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research