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An Intensity-dependent Slow Component of HR Interferes with Accurate Exercise Implementation in Postmenopausal Women
Purpose We tested the hypothesis that a slow component of HR (i.e., scHR) occurs in all intensity domains, greater than the slow component of oxygen uptake (scV˙O2), and we developed an equation to predict it across exercise intensities. Method Eighteen healthy, postmenopausal women (54 ± 4 yr) performed on a cycle ergometer: i) a ramp incremental test for thresholds and V˙O2max detection; ii) 30-min constant work exercise at 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% V˙O2max for the measurement of scHR, scV˙O2, stroke volume, and body temperature (T°). scHR and scV˙O2 were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (i...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Modeling the Metabolic Costs of Heavy Military Backpacking
This study aimed to develop and validate an equation for estimating metabolic rates during heavy backpacking for the US Army Load Carriage Decision Aid (LCDA), an integrated software mission planning tool. Methods Thirty healthy, active military-age adults (3 women, 27 men; age, 25 ± 7 yr; height, 1.74 ± 0.07 m; body mass, 77 ± 15 kg) walked for 6–21 min while carrying backpacks loaded up to 66% body mass at speeds between 0.45 and 1.97 m·s−1. A new predictive model, the LCDA backpacking equation, was developed on metabolic rate data calculated from indirect calorimetry. Model estimation performance was eval...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Highly Cushioned Shoes Improve Running Performance in Both the Absence and Presence of Muscle Damage
Purpose We tested the hypotheses that a highly cushioned running shoe (HCS) would 1) improve incremental exercise performance and reduce the oxygen cost (Oc) of submaximal running, and 2) attenuate the deterioration in Oc elicited by muscle damage consequent to a downhill run. Methods Thirty-two recreationally active participants completed an incremental treadmill test in an HCS and a control running shoe (CON) for the determination of Oc and maximal performance. Subsequently, participants were pair matched and randomly assigned to one of the two footwear conditions to perform a moderate-intensity running bout b...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Methodological Reconciliation of CP and MLSS and Their Agreement with the Maximal Metabolic Steady State
Conclusions Differences between CP and MLSS can be reconciled with optimal methods of determination. When estimating MMSS, from CP the error margin of the model estimate should be considered. For MLSS, MLSS15–30 and MLSS20–30 demonstrated the highest degree of accuracy. The critical power (CP) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) are operational surrogates of the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS). However, their concordance and their agreement with MMSS remain variable likely because of methodological factors. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Tart Cherry Supplement Enhances Skeletal Muscle Glutathione Peroxidase Expression and Functional Recovery after Muscle Damage
This study is the first to investigate functional recovery from exercise alongside molecular changes within the exercised muscle after MCC supplementation. Methods Ten participants completed two maximal unilateral eccentric knee extension trials after MCC or placebo (PLA) supplementation for 7 d before and 48 h after exercise. Knee extension maximum voluntary contractions, maximal isokinetic contractions, single leg jumps, and soreness measures were assessed before, immediately, 24 h, and 48 h after exercise. Venous blood and vastus lateralis muscle samples were collected at each time point. Plasma concentrations of...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

The Motor Engram of Functional Connectivity Generated by Acute Whole-Body Dynamic Balance Training
Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that acute whole-body dynamic balance training alters specific rs-FC, and that this change is associated with performance changes after training. In addition, rs-FC changes in cognitive regions were modulated by both acute dynamic balance training and aerobic exercise. These findings have the potential to influence various fields (e.g., sports neuroscience, neurorehabilitation) and may aid in the development of methods that can improve motor and cognitive performance. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Classification of Runners with High versus Low Hip Adduction Based on Measures of Pelvis and Femur Morphology
Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of femur morphology in contributing to increased hip adduction during running. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction and High-Load Resistance Training Induce Comparable Changes in Patellar Tendon Properties
Conclusions The present results support the notion that both HL and LL-BFR cause substantial changes in patellar tendon properties, and the magnitude of changes is not significantly different between conditions. Further studies that examine the physiological mechanisms underlying the altered tendon properties after LL-BFR training are needed. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Regular Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Pain and Anxiety in Mice by Restoring Serotonin-Modulated Synaptic Plasticity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Conclusions Our results reveal that regular aerobic exercise can increase serotonin release and modulate synaptic plasticity in the ACC, ultimately improving pain and concomitant anxiety behaviors through the functions of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Exercise Reverses Amyloid β-Peptide–Mediated Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice Expressing Mutant Presenilin-2
Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that the pathologic features and behavioral symptoms of AD caused by accumulation of amyloid β-peptide in hippocampus, causing aberrant cell cycle reentry and apoptosis, can be reversed by regular exercise. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation May Not Enhance Additional Effects of Exercise on Muscle Quality in Older Women
Purpose The combined treatment effects of nutritional supplementation and exercise on muscle quality (MQ) remain unexamined in individuals at risk for sarcopenia. This secondary analysis aimed to test whether β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation enhances the effects of resistance training (RT) on MQ in older women with low muscle mass. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-by-two factorial design trial was conducted at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. Women age 65–79 yr with a skeletal muscle mass index of (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Physical Fitness and Chemotherapy Tolerance in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Conclusions Early-stage breast cancer patients with relatively lower levels of pretreatment physical fitness have lower odds of achieving an optimal dose of chemotherapy. Given that physical fitness is modifiable and our results suggest that following a moderate-to-high intensity exercise training during chemotherapy could improve treatment completion, clinicians should not refrain from referring patients to supportive exercise programs because of low fitness. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 24, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCES Source Type: research

Orthogeriatrics: The Management of Older Patients with Fragility Fractures, Second Edition
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Lower Extremity Joint Preservation: Techniques for Treating the Hip, Knee, and Ankle
No abstract available (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Effects of Water Immersion on the Internal Power of Cycling
Conclusions Water drag increased Ėint, although limbs unloading via the Archimedes’ principle and limbs shape could be potential confounding factors. A simple formula was developed to predict the increase in mechanical power in dry conditions needed to match the rate of energy expenditure during underwater cycling: 44 fp3 – 7 W, where fp is expressed in Hertz. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research