Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Large-Scale Fandom-based Gamification Intervention to Increase Physical Activity: A Quasi-experimental Study
Purpose Gamification, the use of game design elements in nongame contexts, in combination with insights from behavioral economics, has been applied increasingly to behavior change interventions. However, little is known about the effectiveness or scalability of this approach, especially in the long term. We tested a large-scale smartphone-based intervention to encourage physical activity among Japanese baseball fans using gamification techniques that leveraged fandom and interteam competition inherent in sports. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted among fans of the Japanese Pacific League. The app, ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Diurnal Variation in Maximum Endurance and Maximum Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Conclusions There is strong evidence that anaerobic power and jump height are maximal between 1300 and 2000 h. There is some evidence that handgrip strength peaks between 1400 and 2100 h, but only little evidence that there is a time of peak performance in maximum endurance. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

How Should Adult Handgrip Strength Be Normalized? Allometry Reveals New Insights and Associated Reference Curves
Conclusions Scaling adult HGS by height2 may help normalize strength for population-based research. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Effects of Weather Parameters on Endurance Running Performance: Discipline-specific Analysis of 1258 Races
Conclusion More than one-quarter of endurance running events were held in moderate, high, or extreme heat, and this number reached one-half when marathons were excluded. All four weather parameters should be evaluated when aiming to mitigate the health and performance implications of exercising at high intensities in a hot environment with athletes adopting heat mitigation strategies when possible. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Fat Mass, and Cardiometabolic Health with Endothelial Function, Arterial Elasticity, and Stiffness
This study aimed to determine whether estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and adiponectin bidirectionally associate with arterial function and structure and if CRF mediates the relationship between cardiometabolic health and arterial outcomes in 9- to 11-yr-old children drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, United Kingdom. Methods Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), distensibility coefficient (DC), and carotid–radial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured by ultrasonography; CRF was measured during the submaximal ergometer test...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Glucose and Fructose Hydrogel Enhances Running Performance, Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation, and Gastrointestinal Tolerance
This study investigated the effect of a CHO solution-containing sodium alginate and pectin (hydrogel) on endurance running performance, exogenous and endogenous CHO oxidation, and GI symptoms. Methods Eleven trained male runners, using a randomized, double-blind design, completed three 120-min steady-state runs at 68% V˙O2max, followed by a 5-km time-trial. Participants ingested 90 g·h−1 of 2:1 glucose–fructose (13C enriched) as a CHO hydrogel, a standard CHO solution (nonhydrogel), or a CHO-free placebo during the 120 min. Fat oxidation, total and exogenous CHO oxidation, plasma glucose oxidation, and endogen...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Curved Approach in High Jump Induces Greater Jumping Height without Greater Joint Kinetic Exertions than Straight Approach
Conclusions Compared with a straight approach, a curved approach induces greater CoM height without increasing joint kinetic exertions during takeoff. The curved approach changes the initial condition of the takeoff and promotes the transformation of horizontal kinetic energy into Evert. This study provides novel practical perspectives for high jumpers and highlights the importance of segment biomechanics in human motor performance. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Fit and Tipsy? The Interrelationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Alcohol Consumption and Dependence
Purpose To examine whether higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are related to increased alcohol consumption and dependence among a large sample of adults attending a preventive medicine clinic. Methods A cross-sectional study of 38,653 apparently healthy patients who visited the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, TX) for preventive medical examinations (1988–2019) and enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. The primary independent variable was cardiorespiratory fitness, based on a maximal treadmill test, and the dependent variables were alcohol consumption and dependence (self-reported). The relations bet...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Weekly Frequency of Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents
Conclusions We found no association between the proportion of DMG and CmH in children and adolescents. Our study suggests that achieving an overall weekly average of 60 min·d−1 of MVPA seems to be sufficient for CmH regardless of the 7 d·wk−1 frequency requirement of the PA guideline. The current physical activity (PA) guidelines for children and adolescents in the United States recommend ≥60 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), 7 d·wk−1 for cardiometabolic health (CmH) benefits. Although the duration and intensity components of the PA guidelines have been rigorously studied, the frequency (7...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Physical Activity and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Older US Adults: Constrained versus Additive Models
This study aimed to examine the shape of the relationship between physical activity (PA) and total energy expenditure (TEE) and to explore the role of energy balance status (negative, stable, positive) in influencing this association. Methods Cross-sectional. Participants were 584 older adults (50–74 yr) participating in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP study. TEE was assessed by doubly labeled water and PA by accelerometer. The relationship between PA and TEE was assessed visually and using nonlinear methods (restricted cubic splines). Percent weight change (>3%) over a 6-month period was used a...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY Source Type: research

Increases in Integrin–ILK–RICTOR–Akt Proteins, Muscle Mass, and Strength after Eccentric Cycling Training
Purpose Recently, it has been suggested that a cellular pathway composed of integrin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), and Akt may facilitate long-term structural and functional adaptations associated with exercise, independent of the mTORC1 pathway. Therefore, we examined changes in integrin–ILK–RICTOR–Akt protein in vastus lateralis (VL) before and after 8 wk of eccentric cycling training (ECC), which was expected to increase muscle function and VL cross-sectional area (CSA). Methods Eleven men (23 ± 4 yr) completed 24 sessions of ECC with progressive incre...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Early-Onset Physical Inactivity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Tumor-bearing Mice Is Associated with Accelerated Cachexia
Conclusions LLC mice exhibit early-onset physical inactivity and altered systemic lipid oxidation, which are associated with the eventual development of cachexia. Cancer-induced skeletal muscle mass loss is a critical characteristic of cachexia. Although physical inactivity and systemic metabolic dysfunction can precede cachexia development, how these early-onset disruptions are related to cachexia’s eventual severity is not well understood. The well-established Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) preclinical cachexia model exhibits a varying degree of cachexia. Therefore, we examined if the early-onset of physical inactiv...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

The Acute Effects of Prolonged Uninterrupted Sitting on Vascular Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Conclusions Lower-limb vascular function is progressively impaired as a consequence of prolonged sitting, up to 180 min. A similar trend was not observed in upper-limb vascular function. Subgroup analysis indicated that prolonged sitting negatively affects healthy populations, a finding not observed in those with metabolic disturbances. Regularly interrupting sitting with activity may be beneficial for those with metabolic disturbances. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Membrane Proteins Increase with the Repeated Bout Effect
Conclusions The RBE represents a physiological measure of skeletal muscle plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that repeated bouts of ECC contractions increase contents of dystrophin, β-sarcoglycan, and junctophilin and attenuate postinjury torque deficits. Given our results, accumulation of membrane-associated proteins likely contributes to strength adaptations observed after repeated bouts of ECC contractions. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Acute Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Oxygenation Responses to Normocapnic Hyperpnea Exercise in COPD
Conclusions In patients with COPD, normocapnic hyperpnea exercise provided a potent cardiorespiratory physiological stimulus, including dynamic hyperinflation, and increased intercostal deoxyhemoglobin consistent with enhanced requirement for muscle O2 extraction. (Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise)
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 20, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research