Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Vagus and Glossopharyngeal Nerves in Two Autonomic Disorders
Summary: The glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves provide the brainstem with sensory inputs from different receptors in the heart, lung, and vasculature. This afferent information is critical for the short-term regulation of arterial blood pressure and the buffering of emotional and physical stressors. Glossopharyngeal afferents supply the medulla with continuous mechanoreceptive signals from baroreceptors at the carotid sinus. Vagal afferents ascending from the heart supply mechanoreceptive signals from baroreceptors in different reflexogenic areas including the aortic arch, atria, ventricles, and pulmonary arterie...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Summary: Invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approved treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Besides recognized clinical efficacy in about 60% of patients, there are major drawbacks such as invasiveness and common side effects including hoarseness, sore throat, shortness of breath, and coughing. Invasive VNS applies electrical stimulation to the left cervical branch of the vagus nerve and excites thick-myelinated afferent nerve fibers. Peripheral vagus nerve afferent volley initiates brainstem activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract and provokes typical brainstem and cerebral activation patterns that media...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

The CPM Effect: Functional Assessment of the Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control in Humans
Summary: The diffuse noxious inhibitory control, which has been investigated extensively in animals, consists of the inhibitory modulation of pain pathways after heterotopic noxious stimulation. The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis, which lies in the caudal part of the medulla, together with its descending projections to the wide-dynamic-range neurones, is responsible for the diffuse noxious inhibitory control. Many studies have investigated the diffuse noxious inhibitory control phenomenon in humans. However, owing to the complexity of the effect of descending modulation on human pain perception, expert opinion has recom...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Neuropathic Orofacial Pain: Role of Clinical Neurophysiology
Summary: Orofacial pain syndromes encompass several clinically defined and classified entities. The focus here is on the role of clinical neurophysiologic and psychophysical tests in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and pathophysiological mechanisms of definite trigeminal neuropathic pain and other chronic orofacial pain conditions (excluding headache and temporomandibular disorders). The International Classification of Headache Disorders 2018 classifies these facial pain disorders under the heading Painful cranial neuropathies and other facial pains. In addition to unambiguous painful posttraumatic or postherpetic...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Spontaneous, Voluntary, and Reflex Blinking in Clinical Practice
This article is a review of some of the alterations that can be observed in blinking, focusing in four patterns of abnormality that can be distinguished in the blink reflex: (1) afferent versus efferent, which allows characterization of trigeminal or facial lesions; (2) peripheral versus central, which distinguishes alterations in nerve conduction from those involving synaptic delay; (3) upper versus lower brainstem lesions, which indicates the lesions involving specific circuits for trigeminal and somatosensory blink reflexes; and (4) asymmetric abnormal excitability pattern, which shows a unilateral alteration in the des...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research