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Relationship Between Cauda Equina Conduction Time and Type of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication due to Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Conclusions: Cauda equina conduction time differed according to the type of lumbar spinal stenosis. The prolongation of CECT may be caused by the demyelination of the CE. Cauda equina conduction time may be a useful measure for evaluating the dysfunction of the CE rather than radiculopathy for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Automated Processing of Single-Channel Surface Electromyography From Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures to Inform Semiology
Conclusions: The automated processing of sEMG presented here accurately identified durations of tonic, clonic, and total motor durations of generalized tonic–clonic seizures similar to durations identified by epileptologists' review of video-EEG. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Appliance of Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases
Conclusions: The presented approach allows the easy and reliable integration of neurophysiological mapping data into GammaKnife treatment plans by the standard GammaPlan software. Diminishing the dose to critical structures might help to minimize side effects and therefore improve quality of life for brain metastasis patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis on Sleep Disorders and Related Conditions
Summary: Marijuana generally refers to the dried mixture of leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, and the term cannabis is a commonly used to refer to products derived from the Cannabis sativa L. plant. There has been an increasing interest in the potential medicinal use of cannabis to treat a variety of diseases and conditions. This review will provide the latest evidence regarding the medical risks and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis in managing patients with sleep disorders or those with other medical conditions who commonly suffer with sleep disturbance as an associated comorbidity. Published data rega...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

A North American History of Cannabis Use in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Summary: Cannabis has been used for millennia in religious ceremonies, for recreation and for its medicinal qualities. There are multiple accounts detailing the specific ailments cannabis has been used to treat, many of which have included epilepsy. Racial discrimination and political stigmatization led to prohibition, which limited both patients' and researchers' access to the drug through the 20th century. Recently, academic interest has been renewed in cannabis, especially regarding the modulation of cortical excitability via the human endocannabinoid system. Modern research has produced several promising studies rega...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Cannabinoids as an Emerging Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
Summary: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a leading psychiatric disorder that mainly affects military and veteran populations but can occur in anyone affected by trauma. PTSD treatment remains difficult for physicians because most patients with PTSD do not respond to current pharmacological treatment. Psychotherapy is effective, but time consuming and expensive. Substance use disorder is often concurrent with PTSD, which leads to a significant challenge for PTSD treatment. Cannabis has recently received widespread attention for the potential to help many patient populations. Cannabis has been reported as a coping ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

The Endocannabinoid System and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Preclinical Models of Seizure and Epilepsy
Summary: Cannabinoids are compounds that are structurally and/or functionally related to the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, [INCREMENT]9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabinoids can be divided into three broad categories: endogenous cannabinoids, plant-derived cannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Recently, there has been an unprecedented surge of interest into the pharmacological and medicinal properties of cannabinoids for the treatment of epilepsies. This surge has been stimulated by an ongoing shift in societal opinions about cannabinoid-based medicines and evidence that cannabidiol, a...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

The Use of Cannabis as a Treatment for Epilepsy in Adult Patients: Are Side Effects a Limitation of Use?
Summary: Marijuana is the dried leaves, stems, and flowers of a 1- to 5-m weed originating from Central Asia. The most common varieties are Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. It is usually inhaled as smoke but can also be used as a vapor, taken by mouth as a spray, ingested in tea or as butter in baked goods, or in capsule form and used as an oil. Cannabis has been widely used to treat many medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis symptoms, mood disorders, pain, sleep disorders, and seizures among others. Preclinical and clinical studies have been done over the past decade, among them there are few randomized plac...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Cannabis for Pediatric Epilepsy
Summary: Epilepsy is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Up to 30% of children with epilepsy will be refractory to standard anticonvulsant therapy, and those with epileptic encephalopathy can be particularly challenging to treat. The endocannabinoid system can modulate the physiologic processes underlying epileptogenesis. The anticonvulsant properties of several cannabinoids, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD), have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Cannabis-based therapies have been used for millennia to treat a variety of diseases including epilepsy...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Medical Cannabis as a Treatment for Patients With Epilepsy, Sleep Disorders, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

2019 American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) Annual Meeting
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

An Unusual Case of Median Neuropathy: Application of Short Segmental Sensory Nerve Stimulation
Summary: A 55-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of intermittent left-hand paresthesias affecting her first, second, and third digits. A small, immobile, nontender midline mass on the volar aspect of the left wrist was also present. Evaluation included normal routine nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. An ultrasound was performed in the electromyography laboratory, verifying median nerve involvement of the mass within the proximal carpal tunnel. This finding guided the electromyographer to perform the unconventional technique of sensory nerve short segmental stimulation across the carpal ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Ambulatory EEG Monitoring
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research

Time Is Brain: The Use of EEG Electrode Caps to Rapidly Diagnose Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Objective: To perform a feasibility pilot study comparing the usefulness of EEG electrode cap versus standard scalp EEG for acquiring emergent EEGs in emergency department, inpatient, and intensive care unit patients. Background: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a neurological emergency diagnosed exclusively by EEG. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus becomes more resistant to treatment 1 hour after continued seizure activity. EEG technologists are alerted “stat” when there is immediate need for an EEG during oncall hours, yet delays are inevitable. Alternatively, EEG caps can be quickly placed by in-house ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Startle and the StartReact Effect: Physiological Mechanisms
Summary: It has been well documented that a prepared response can be triggered at short latency following the presentation of a loud acoustic stimulus that evokes a reflexive startle response. Different hypotheses have been proposed for this so-called “StartReact” effect, although there is still much debate surrounding the physiological mechanisms involved in the observed reduction in reaction time (RT). In this review, we outline the various neurophysiological explanations underlying the StartReact effect and summarize the data supporting, and at times opposing, each possibility. Collectively, the experimental resul...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research