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Quantitative EEG Changes Correlate With Post-Clamp Ischemia During Carotid Endarterectomy
Conclusions: Quantitative EEG monitoring during carotid endarterectomy, in addition to visual EEG monitoring, may improve the detection of cerebral ischemia and thus result in fewer perioperative strokes. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Prognostic Value of Generalized Polyspike Trains and Prolonged Epileptiform EEG Runs
Conclusions: Generalized polyspike train and prolonged epileptiform EEG runs were associated with persistent seizures and drug-resistant IGE, but the overall prevalence was low. In a first seizure clinic setting, the diagnostic value of these biomarkers was limited. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Etiology and Clinical Impact of Interictal Periodic Discharges on the Routine Outpatient Scalp EEG
Conclusions: By performing a case–control study, the authors have shown that PDs are not a marker of epilepsy decompensation and drug refractoriness and that the finding of PDs is not suggestive of particular epilepsy etiologies, when compared with other epileptiform abnormalities. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Determining the Spike–Wave Index Using Automated Detection Software
Purpose: The spike–wave index (SWI) is a key feature in the diagnosis of electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep. Estimating the SWI manually is time-consuming and is subject to interrater and intrarater variability. Use of automated detection software would save time. Thereby, this software will consistently detect a certain EEG phenomenon as epileptiform and is not influenced by human factors. To determine noninferiority in calculating the SWI, we compared the performance of a commercially available spike detection algorithm (P13 software, Persyst Development Corporation, San Diego, CA) with human expe...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Impairments of Implicit Emotional Neurocognitive Processing in College Students With Subthreshold Depression: An ERP Study
Conclusions: The SD people demonstrate implicit cognitive processing impairments, and the impairments of emotional cognitive processing in SD may exist mainly in evaluative stage and primarily for positive stimuli. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Latency of Multifocal Visual Evoked Potential in Multiple Sclerosis: A Visual Pathway Biomarker for Clinical Trials of Remyelinating Therapies
This study aimed to investigate potential changes in multifocal visual evoked potentials' (mfVEPs) latency in a cohort of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. The potential sample size required for a remyelination-based clinical trial using different treatment effect sizes and the mfVEP latency as an outcome measure was also estimated. Methods: A total of 50 RRMS consecutive patients with no previous history of optic neuritis in at least one eye and 15 normal controls of similar age and gender composition were prospectively enrolled. Fifteen patients had a history of unilateral ON more than 12 m...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Biomarkers and Surrogate End points in Multiple Sclerosis Trials: Regulatory Issues
This article explores regulatory issues regarding the use of biomarkers and surrogate end points in clinical trials of multiple sclerosis with particular emphasis on challenges faced by evoked potential studies. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Multimodal Evoked Potentials as Candidate Prognostic and Response Biomarkers in Clinical Trials of Multiple Sclerosis
Summary: Evoked potentials (EPs) measure quantitatively and objectively the alterations of central signal propagation in multiple sclerosis and have long been used for diagnosis. More recently, their utility for prognosis has been demonstrated in several studies, summarizing multiple EP modalities in a single score. In particular, visual, somatosensory, and motor EPs are useful because of their sensitivity to pathology in the frequently affected optic nerve, somatosensory tract, and pyramidal system. Quantitative EP scores show higher sensitivity to change than clinical assessment and may be used to monitor disease pro...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

The Use of Motor-Evoked Potentials in Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis
Summary: Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) can be used to assess the integrity of the descending corticospinal tract in the laboratory. Evoked potentials (EPs) have been widely used in the past for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but they are now becoming more useful in assessing the prognosis of the disease. Motor-evoked potentials have been included in EP scales that have demonstrated good correlations with clinical disability. Soon after the onset of MS, it is possible to detect an ongoing process of neurodegeneration and axonal loss. Axonal loss is probably responsible for the disability and disease progress...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Changing Paradigms and Unmet Needs in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Clinical Neurophysiology
Summary: Our increasing understanding of the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis has led to the development of many disease-modifying therapies that have revolutionized the care of patients with relapsing forms of the disease. Our understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of progressive forms of the disease is much more limited but has dramatically changed over the past several decades. We are now on the verge of developing therapies that promote remyelination, reduce axonal loss, and restore axonal function. This progress is challenged by inadequate animal models of progressive disease and incomplete biomarkers...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

The Use of Evoked Potentials in Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - May 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

New-Onset Seizures in Three COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series
We present three critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients with EEG monitoring who developed new-onset seizures and encephalopathy up to three-and-a-half weeks after symptom onset. There are several speculated etiologies for the development of new-onset seizures; however, the pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Testing of coronavirus disease 2019 in the cerebrospinal fluid in addition to extensive research on neurological manifestations is warranted. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Clinical Magnetoencephalography Practice in the United States Ten Years Later: A Survey-Based Reappraisal
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Erratum Source Type: research

Ultrasonography in Distal Ulnar Nerve Neuropathy: Findings in 33 Patients
Conclusions: US imaging detected the underlying cause of distal ulnar nerve neuropathy in a significant percentage of patients, potentially contributing to effective treatment. (Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Sleep Spindle Features and Neurobehavioral Performance in Healthy School-Aged Children
Purpose: In adults, central fast-frequency sleep spindles are involved in learning and memory functions. The density of local spindles is higher than global spindles, emphasizing the importance of local plastic neural processes. In children, findings on the association of spindles with cognition are more variable. Hence, we aim to study whether the local spindles are also important for neurobehavioral performance in children. Methods: We studied the correlations between local (occurring in only one channel: Fp1, Fp2, C3, or C4), bilateral, and diffuse (occurring in all four channels) spindles and neurobehavioral...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research