Identification of Mest / Peg1 gene expression as a predictive biomarker of adipose tissue expansion sensitive to dietary anti-obesity interventions
Abstract
Food components with anti-obesity properties are commonly evaluated using mouse models of diet-induced obesity. The ability of these components to reduce or prevent white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation is usually tested in feeding trials of several weeks duration in order to detect significant effects on fat mass expansion. Here, we aimed to identify early, predictive biomarkers for WAT expansion. We performed a 5-day high-fat diet (HFD) feeding trial with C57BL/6J mice using different established anti-obesity interventions: epigallocatechin gallate, replacing dietary lipids by n-3 PUFA, and...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - July 5, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
How reliable is internet-based self-reported identity, socio-demographic and obesity measures in European adults?
This study introduced and tested a novel procedure for assessing the validity of internet-based, SR identity and validated anthropometric and demographic data via measurements performed face-to-face in a validation study (VS). Participants (n = 140) from seven European countries, participating in the Food4Me intervention study which aimed to test the efficacy of personalised nutrition approaches delivered via the internet, were invited to take part in the VS. Participants visited a research centre in each country within 2 weeks of providing SR data via the internet. Participants received detailed instructions on how to ...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - July 5, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Estrogen and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation have a synergistic hypotriglyceridemic effect in ovariectomized rats
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA and DHA, as well as estrogen have been shown to decrease circulating levels of triglyceride (TG), but their underlying mode of action is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of n-3 PUFA consumption and estrogen injection on TG metabolism. Rats (n = 48) were fed a modified AIN-93G diet with 0, 1, or 2 % EPA + DHA relative to the total energy intake during 12 weeks. At 8 weeks, rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and after a 1-week recovery, rats were injected with either 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (E2) or corn o...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - June 25, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Association of genetic variants with response to iron supplements in pregnancy
Abstract
The incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is high in India where iron supplementation is a regular practice. The response to oral iron is influenced by several factors such as age, body mass index, gravida, socioeconomic status, food, vitamin deficiency and compliance to supplements. The major challenge is to understand the various modulators of iron status in this high-risk group so that we can improve the diagnosis and the management of these patients. The current study was designed to evaluate the iron status during pregnancy and to identify factors which might be influenci...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 30, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Direct comparison of metabolic health effects of the flavonoids quercetin, hesperetin, epicatechin, apigenin and anthocyanins in high-fat-diet-fed mice
In conclusion, all flavonoids lowered parameters of HF-induced adiposity, with quercetin being most effective. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 29, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Erratum to: Maternal dietary intake of folate, vitamin B 12 and MTHFR 677C > T genotype: their impact on newborn’s anthropometric parameters
(Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 29, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Network-based integration of molecular and physiological data elucidates regulatory mechanisms underlying adaptation to high-fat diet
In conclusion, the generated network model comprehensively characterizes eWAT adaptation to high-fat diet, spanning from global aspects to mechanistic details. Being open to further exploration by the research community, it provides a resource of health-relevant interactions ready to be used in a broad range of research applications. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 28, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The diet-induced metabolic syndrome is accompanied by whole-genome epigenetic changes
Abstract
Consuming a high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD) starting at a young age leads to the development of obesity and to the progression of metabolic syndrome (MS). We are interested in the relationship between MS and DNA methylation as a mediator of the metabolic memory and the early appearance of these diseases in the progeny. To this end, Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 1 year, and every 12 weeks, biochemical analyses were performed. After 24 weeks, animals fed the HFD showed alterations related to MS such as elevated blood levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, and insulin compared with...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 21, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The art of targeting gut microbiota for tackling human obesity
Abstract
Recently, a great deal of interest has been expressed regarding strategies to tackle worldwide obesity because of its accelerated wide spread accompanied with numerous negative effects on health and high costs. Obesity has been traditionally associated with an imbalance in energy consumed when compared to energy expenditure. However, growing evidence suggests a less simplistic event in which gut microbiota plays a key role. Obesity, in terms of microbiota, is a complicated disequilibrium that presents many unclear complications. Despite this, there is special interest in characterizing composit...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 20, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The genomics of micronutrient requirements
Abstract
Healthy nutrition is accepted as a cornerstone of public health strategies for reducing the risk of noncommunicable conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and related morbidities. However, many research studies continue to focus on single or at most a few factors that may elicit a metabolic effect. These reductionist approaches resulted in: (1) exaggerated claims for nutrition as a cure or prevention of disease; (2) the wide use of empirically based dietary regimens, as if one fits all; and (3) frequent disappointment of consumers, patients, and healthcare providers about the real ...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 18, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Iron deficiency upregulates Egr1 expression
Abstract
Iron-deficient anemia is a prevalent disease among humans. We searched for genes regulated by iron deficiency and its regulated mechanism. cDNA microarrays were performed using Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with 100 μM desferrioxamine (DFO), an iron chelator. Early growth response 1 (Egr1) was upregulated with at least 20-fold increase within 4 h and lasted for 24 h, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. This activation was not seen by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). DFO increased the transcriptional activity of Egr1-luc (−604 to +160) and serum response element (SRE)-luc reporters by 2.7-folds...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 18, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
β-Carotene-induced apoptosis is mediated with loss of Ku proteins in gastric cancer AGS cells
Abstract
High dietary intakes and high blood levels of β-carotene are associated with a decreased incidence of various cancers. The anticancer effect of β-carotene is related to its pro-oxidant activity. DNA repair Ku proteins, as a heterodimer of Ku70 and Ku80, play a crucial role in DNA double-strand break repair. Reductions in Ku70/80 contribute to apoptosis. Previously, we showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate caspase-3 which induces degradation of Ku proteins. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of β-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells by determini...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 15, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Olfactory receptor genes cooperate with protocadherin genes in human extreme obesity
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past decades. More knowledge about the complex etiology of obesity is needed in order to find additional approaches for treatment and prevention. Investigating the exome sequencing data of 30 extremely obese subjects (BMI 45–65 kg/m2) shows that predicted damaging missense variants in olfactory receptor genes on chromosome 1q and rare predicted damaging variants in the protocadherin (PCDH) beta-cluster genes on chromosome 5q31, reported in our previous work, co-localize in subjects with extreme obesity. This implies a ...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - May 6, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
APOA2 −256T>C polymorphism interacts with saturated fatty acids intake to affect anthropometric and hormonal variables in type 2 diabetic patients
Abstract
Recent studies have established the interaction between APOA2 −256T>C polymorphism and dietary saturated fatty acids intake in relation to obesity on healthy individuals. In the current study, we investigate the effects of this interaction on anthropometric variables and serum levels of leptin and ghrelin in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, 737 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (290 males and 447 females) were recruited from diabetes clinics in Tehran. The usual dietary intake of all participants during the last year was obtained by validated semiquantitat...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - April 23, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Differential effects of basolateral and apical iron supply on iron transport in Caco-2 cells
Abstract
Iron homeostasis in the human body is maintained primarily through regulation of iron absorption in the duodenum. The liver peptide hepcidin plays a central role in this regulation. Additionally, expression and functional control of certain components of the cellular iron transport machinery can be influenced directly by the iron status of enterocytes. The significance of this modulation, relative to the effects of hepcidin, and the comparative effects of iron obtained directly from the diet and/or via the bloodstream are not clear. The studies described here were performed using Caco-2 ...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - April 22, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
