Folate deficiency as predisposing factor for childhood leukaemia: a review of the literature
ConclusionOverall, maternal folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy seems to confer protection against the risk of childhood leukaemia in the offspring. The optimal folic acid requirements and supplementation doses need to be established, especially in conjunction with other vitamins in order to determine the most successful combinations of nutrients to maintain genomic health and wellbeing. Further research is therefore needed to uncover the role of maternal diet as a whole, as it represents a main factor capable of inducing permanent changes in the foetus. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - June 2, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Enrichment of in vivo transcription data from dietary intervention studies with in vitro data provides improved insight into gene regulation mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa
ConclusionsShort-term gene expression responses to dietary interventions as measured in the in vitro bioassay have a low predictability for long-term responses as measured in the intestinal mucosa in vivo. The short-term responses of a set regulatory and effector genes, as measured in this bioassay, however, provided additional insight into how specific processes in piglets and broilers may be modulated by “early” signalling molecules produced by enterocytes. The relevance of this set of regulatory/effector genes and cognate biological processes for zinc deficiency and supplementation, gluten allergy (rye), and amoxici...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - April 13, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Transcriptomic responses of the liver and adipose tissues to altered carbohydrate-fat ratio in diet: an isoenergetic study in young rats
ConclusionsThese results indicate that the alteration of dietary C-F balance differentially affects the transcriptomes of metabolizing and energy-storing tissues. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - April 8, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Brain xanthophyll content and exploratory gene expression analysis: subspecies differences in rhesus macaque
ConclusionsThese results indicate that origin is related to differences in both gene expression and xanthophyll content in the brain. Findings from this study may have important implications regarding genetic diversity, lutein status, and cognition in primates. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - March 7, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Gene expression is differentially regulated in skeletal muscle and circulating immune cells in response to an acute bout of high-load strength exercise
ConclusionsAn acute bout of heavy-load strength exercise, followed by protein supplementation, caused overlapping, but also unique, responses in skeletal muscle and PBMCs, suggesting tissue-specific functions in response to exercise. However, no different effects of the different protein supplements were observed. Altered mRNA expressions in PBMCs of older participants may affect regenerative mechanisms. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - March 2, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Effect of different concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids on stimulated THP-1 macrophages
ConclusionsThese results suggest that in stimulated macrophages, expression levels of genes involved in inflammation are influenced by the dose, the type of n-3 FAs, and the time of incubation. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - February 20, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Food components and contaminants as (anti)androgenic molecules
AbstractAndrogens, the main male sex steroids, are the critical factors responsible for the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and for the achievement of sexual maturation and puberty. In adulthood, androgens remain essential for the maintenance of male reproductive function and behavior. Androgens, acting through the androgen receptor (AR), regulate male sexual differentiation during development, sperm production beginning from puberty, and maintenance of prostate homeostasis. Several substances present in the environment, now classified as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), strongly interfere with androgen ...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - February 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
The impact of micronutrient status on health: correlation network analysis to understand the role of micronutrients in metabolic-inflammatory processes regulating homeostasis and phenotypic flexibility
ConclusionsOur study shows that applying the challenge test concept is able to reveal previously unidentified correlations between specific micronutrients and health-related processes, with potential relevance for maintenance of health that were not observed by correlating homeostatic measurements. This approach will contribute to insights on the influence of micronutrients on health and help to create efficient micronutrient intervention programs. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - February 7, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
A porcine gluteus medius muscle genome-wide transcriptome analysis: dietary effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on biological mechanisms
ConclusionsSummarizing, obtained results provide strong evidence that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids regulate fundamental metabolic processes in muscle tissue development and functioning. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - January 30, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Propelling the paradigm shift from reductionism to systems nutrition
AbstractThe complex physiology of living organisms represents a challenge for mechanistic understanding of the action of dietary bioactives in the human body and of their possible role in health and disease. Animal, cell, and microbial models have been extensively used to address questions that could not be pursued experimentally in humans, posing an additional level of complexity in translation of the results to healthy and diseased metabolism. The past few decades have witnessed a surge in development of increasingly sensitive molecular techniques and bioinformatic tools for storing, managing, and analyzing increasingly ...
Source: Genes and Nutrition - January 24, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Effect of high carbohydrate diet on elongase and desaturase activity and accompanying gene expression in rat ’s liver
ConclusionsThese studies support the notion that the regulation of both Elovl and desaturase expression may play an important role in managing hepatic lipid composition in response to changes in dietary status. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - January 24, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Protein-restricted diet during pregnancy after insemination alters behavioral phenotypes of the progeny
ConclusionsThese results suggest that epigenetic factors in the embryo/fetus influence behavioral and epigenetic phenotypes of progenies. Significant epigenetic alterations in the brains of the progenies induced by the maternal-protein restriction were observed in the present study. To our knowledge, this is first study to evaluate the effect of maternal hyponutrition on behavioral phenotypes using reproductive technology. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - January 18, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Tocotrienols induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that γ- and δ-T3 induce apoptosis also in tumor cells lacking of ERβ by triggering signals originating from endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our observations suggest that tocotrienols could have a significant role in tumor cell physiology and a possible therapeutic potential. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - December 22, 2016 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Erratum to: 18 β-Glycyrrhetinic acid exerts protective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity: potential role of PPARγ and Nrf2 upregulation
(Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - November 22, 2016 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Time-course microarray analysis for identifying candidate genes involved in obesity-associated pathological changes in the mouse colon
ConclusionsOur data indicate thatApoa4,Ppap2b,Cel, andClps are candidate early marker genes associated with obesity-related pathological changes in the colon. Genome-wide analyses performed in the present study provide new insights on selecting novel genes that may be associated with the development of diseases of the colon. (Source: Genes and Nutrition)
Source: Genes and Nutrition - November 21, 2016 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
