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The Bone Metabolic Response to Exercise and Nutrition
Bone (re)modeling markers can help determine how the bone responds to different types, intensities, and durations of exercise. They also might help predict those at risk of bone injury. We synthesized evidence on the acute and chronic bone metabolic responses to exercise, along with how nutritional factors can moderate this response. Recommendations to optimize future research efforts are made. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 18, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspectives for Progress Source Type: research

Improving Trip- and Slip-Resisting Skills in Older People: Perturbation Dose Matters
Aging negatively affects balance recovery responses after trips and slips. We hypothesize that older people can benefit from brief treadmill-based trip and slip perturbation exposure despite reduced muscular capacities, but with neuropathology, their responsiveness to these perturbations will be decreased. Thus, to facilitate long-term benefits and their generalizability to everyday life, one needs to consider the individual threshold for perturbation dose. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

A Critical Review of Exercise Training in Hemodialysis Patients: Personalized Activity Prescriptions Are Needed
Exercise training appears to have modest or inconsistent benefits in hemodialysis patients. This may be due to the low volume and intensity of exercise often prescribed. To address this, research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of individualized exercise prescriptions as a component of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention strategy that gives patients more autonomy to choose preferred types of physical activity. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Passive Versus Mentally Active Sedentary Behaviors and Depression
Detrimental associations of sedentary behaviors with depression have been identified, but findings are inconsistent. We propose a novel approach to the classification and analysis of sedentary behaviors, which differentiates between those that are passive (e.g., television viewing) and mentally active (e.g., reading). Available evidence is summarized, and research questions relating to measurement, causal relationships, and mechanisms are considered. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Exercise Intolerance in Heart Failure: Central Role for the Pulmonary System
We propose that abnormalities of the pulmonary system contribute significantly to the exertional dyspnea and exercise intolerance observed in patients with chronic heart failure. Interventions designed to address the deleterious pulmonary manifestations of heart failure may, therefore, yield promising improvements in exercise tolerance in this population. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

A Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise
This Perspective for Progress provides a synopsis for the potential of time-restricted eating (TRE) to rescue some of the deleterious effects on circadian biology induced by our modern-day lifestyle. We provide novel insights into the comparative and potential complementary effects of TRE and exercise training on metabolic health. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspective for Progress Source Type: research

Leveraging Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Identify and Treat Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentary to Accompany Source Type: research

From the Editor
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 14, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Response
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Response Source Type: research

The Overlooked Role of Fiber Length in Mechanical Load-Induced Growth of Skeletal Muscle
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Letter To The Editor Source Type: research

Transcallosal Control of Bilateral Actions
The corpus callosum is an important neural structure for controlling and coordinating bilateral movements of the upper limbs; however, there remains a substantial lack of knowledge regarding its association with lower limb control. We argue that transcallosal structure is an integral neural mechanism underlying control of the lower limbs and callosal degradation is a key contributor to mobility declines. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Macrophage Regulation of Muscle Regrowth From Disuse in Aging
Skeletal muscle immune cells, such as macrophages, are necessary for proper regrowth after muscle disuse. We suggest that the important role of macrophages concerning muscle regrowth after disuse is divergent compared with young mice (i.e., dysregulated) during the recovery period. Modulation of macrophages may be a promising future therapeutic target to enhance the impaired muscle growth during recovery from disuse in older adults. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Exoskeletons Improve Locomotion Economy by Reducing Active Muscle Volume
Exoskeletons that improve locomotion economy typically are engineered to reduce users’ limb joint mechanical work or moments. Yet, limb joint dynamics do not necessarily reflect muscle dynamics, which dictate whole-body metabolic energy expenditure. Here, we hypothesize that exoskeletons primarily reduce user metabolic energy expenditure across locomotion conditions by reducing active muscle volume. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Overuse Injury: The Result of Pathologically Altered Myofascial Force Transmission?
Overuse injuries are suggested to result from repetitive microdamage eliciting pain in the affected tissue. Therapy commonly focuses on the area of symptom localization; however, such approach may oversimplify the true etiopathology. This review hypothesizes that the development of some sports-related soft tissue disorders, such as plantar fasciitis or lumbago, is promoted by pathologically altered force transmission from anatomically connected structures. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Training-Induced Neural Plasticity and Strength Are Amplified After Stroke
Following stroke, sensorimotor brain networks and descending regulation are compromised but spinal interlimb neural connections remain morphologically intact. After cross-education strength and locomotion training, amplified neural plasticity and functional responses are observed in chronic stroke compared with neurologically intact participants. We hypothesize that poststroke neuroplasticity is amplified because of the involvement of interlimb neural connections that persist from our quadrupedal ancestry. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - September 18, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research