Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Comparing Hypoxic and Heat Stressors: More Challenging Than it Seems
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Skeletal Muscle Nrf2 Contributes to Exercise-Evoked Systemic Antioxidant Defense Via Extracellular Vesicular Communication
This review explores the hypothesis that the repetitive contraction-relaxation that occurs during chronic exercise activates skeletal myocyte nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) to upregulate antioxidant enzymes. These proteins are secreted into the circulation within extracellular vesicles and taken up by remote cells, thus providing remote organs with cytoprotection against subsequent oxidative stress. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Wearable Monitors Facilitate Exercise in Adult and Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematopoietic malignancies, complicated by decreased performance status and quality of life. Exercise therapy improves outcomes in HSCT, but several barriers have prevented exercise from becoming routine clinical practice. Based on existing data that wearable technologies facilitate exercise participation in other sedentary and chronic illness populations, we propose the novel hypothesis that wearable technologies are a valuable tool in transcending barriers and developing exercise therapy programs for HSCT patients. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Exercise Is Key to Sustaining Metabolic Gains After Bariatric Surgery
The extent to which the benefits of bariatric surgery may be maintained by lifestyle changes after surgery is unclear. Our hypothesis is that exercise may sustain some metabolic benefits and counteract some of the adverse effects of surgery. In this review, we present findings supporting the proposition that exercise is key to improving overall health in patients after bariatric surgery. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Exercise on Arterial Function with Obesity
Adipose tissue and arterial dysfunction are common in the obese state. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an important role in mediating arterial health, and with obesity, the PVAT dysfunction negatively affects arterial health. Exercise training exerts direct and beneficial effects on PVAT, providing an additional and novel pathway by which exercise can improve arterial health in diseased populations. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Novel Insights Into Biarticular Muscle Actions Gained From High-Density Electromyogram
Biarticular muscles have traditionally been considered to exhibit homogeneous neuromuscular activation. The regional activation of biarticular muscles, as revealed from high-density surface electromyograms, seems however to discredit this notion. We thus hypothesize the regional activation of biarticular muscles may contribute to different actions about the joints they span. We then discuss the mechanistic basis and methodological implications underpinning our hypothesis. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

The Theory of Effort Minimization in Physical Activity
Although the automatic attraction to effort minimization has been evidenced in multiple fields, its potential role in explaining the pandemic of physical inactivity has been overlooked. The theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) fills this gap. TEMPA seeks to obtain a more accurate understanding of the neuropsychological determinants of movement-based behaviors. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Cardiovascular Control During Exercise in Diabetes
Patients with diabetes display heightened blood pressure response to exercise, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. There is no direct evidence that insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia) impacts neural cardiovascular control during exercise. We propose a novel paradigm in which hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia significantly influences neural regulatory pathways controlling the circulation during exercise in diabetes. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspectives for Progress Source Type: research

Estimating Exercise-Induced Changes in Human Neuronal Networks
Although several methods have been used to estimate exercise-induced changes in human neuronal networks, there are growing doubts about the methodologies used. This review describes a single motor unit–based method that minimizes the errors inherent in classical methods. With this method, it is now possible to identify human neuronal networks' changes due to exercise. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - June 17, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspectives for Progress Source Type: research

Skeletal Muscle Damage Produced by Electrically Evoked Muscle Contractions: Corrigendum
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

The S.P.A.C.E Hypothesis: Physical Activity as Medium — Not Medicine — for Public Health Impact
Most scientifically tested physical activity interventions end when research funding ends; interventions that last struggle to sustain benefits. We hypothesize that long-term public health impact will benefit from a shift in how interventionists conceptualize physical activity — from a form of medicine, of value for its innate health benefits, to a malleable medium, of value for the dynamic contexts it creates. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Static Stretching Reduces Motoneuron Excitability: The Potential Role of Neuromodulation
Prolonged static muscle stretching transiently reduces maximal muscle force, and this force loss has a strong neural component. In this review, we discuss the evidence suggesting that stretching reduces the motoneuron's ability to amplify excitatory drive. We propose a hypothetical model in which stretching causes physiological relaxation, reducing the brainstem-derived neuromodulatory drive necessary to maximize motoneuron discharge rates. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Novel Strategies for Healthy Brain Aging
One of the best strategies for healthy brain aging is regular aerobic exercise. Commonly studied “anti-aging” compounds may mimic some effects of exercise on the brain, but novel approaches that target energy-sensing pathways similar to exercise probably will be more effective in this context. We review evidence in support of this hypothesis by focusing on biological hallmarks of brain aging. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Massage as a Mechanotherapy for Skeletal Muscle
Massage is anecdotally associated with many health benefits, but physiological and clinically relevant mechanisms recently have begun to be investigated in a controlled manner. Herein, we describe research supporting our hypothesis that massage can be used as a mechanotherapy imparting biologically relevant adaptations in skeletal muscle and improving muscle properties. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Physical Activity and Male Reproductive Function: A New Role for Gamete Mitochondria
Several studies demonstrated that some types of physical exercise might affect male reproductive potential, even though the potential mechanisms involved in the modulation of sperm quality remain poorly understood. Therefore, we propose a new role for gamete mitochondria as a key hub that coordinates molecular events related to the effects induced by physical exercise. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 25, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspective For Progress Source Type: research