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Potential Role of MicroRNA in the Anabolic Capacity of Skeletal Muscle With Aging
Age-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, may be the result of diminished response to anabolic stimulation. This review will explore the hypothesis that alterations in the expression of microRNA with aging contributes to reduced muscle plasticity resulting in impaired skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise-induced anabolic stimulation. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 20, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Identifying Novel Signaling Pathways: An Exercise Scientists Guide to Phosphoproteomics
We propose that phosphoproteomic-based studies will radically advance our knowledge about exercise-regulated signaling events. However, these studies use cutting-edge technologies that can be difficult for nonspecialists to understand. Hence, this review is intended to help nonspecialists 1) understand the fundamental technologies behind phosphoproteomic analysis and 2) use various bioinformatic tools that can be used to interrogate phosphoproteomic datasets. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 20, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Making a Case for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Surveillance Among Children and Youth
We review the evidence that supports cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as an important indicator of current and future health among school-aged children and youth, independent of physical activity levels. We discuss the merit of CRF measurement for population health surveillance and propose the development of CRF guidelines to help support regional, national, and international surveillance efforts. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 20, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspective for Progress Source Type: research

Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Youth: A Call for Surveillance, But Now How Do We Do It?
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 20, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentary to Accompany Source Type: research

Exercise and the Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Therapeutic Implications
An imbalance in oxygen delivery to demand in solid tumors results in local areas of hypoxia leading to poor prognosis for the patient. We hypothesize that aerobic exercise increases tumor blood flow, recruits previously nonperfused tumor blood vessels, and thereby augments blood-tumor O2 transport and diminishes tumor hypoxia. When combined with conventional anticancer treatments, aerobic exercise can significantly improve the outcomes for several types of cancers. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Microvascular Vasodilator Plasticity After Acute Exercise
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is reduced after acute exercise or after high intraluminal pressure in isolated arterioles from sedentary adults but not in arterioles from regular exercisers. The preserved vasodilation in arterioles from exercisers is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dependent, whereas resting dilation is nitric oxide (NO) dependent. We hypothesize chronic exercise elicits adaptations allowing for maintained vasodilation when NO bioavailability is reduced. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Physical Signals May Affect Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation via Epigenetic Controls
Marrow mesenchymal stem cells supply bone osteoblasts and adipocytes. Exercise effects to increase bone and decrease fat involve transfer of signals from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to regulate gene expression. We propose that exercise control of stem cell fate relies on structural connections that terminate in the nucleus and involve intranuclear actin structures that regulate epigenetic gene expression. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Exercise Is an Adjuvant to Contemporary Dystrophy Treatments
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal genetic disease of muscle wasting for which there is no cure. In healthy muscle, structure and function improve dramatically with exercise. In patients with dystrophy, little is known about the effects of exercise. As contemporary therapies rapidly progress and patients become more active, there is a need to understand the effects of exercise. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Mechanical Coupling Between Muscle-Tendon Units Reduces Peak Stresses
The presence of mechanical linkages between synergistic muscles and their common tendons may distribute forces among the involved structures. We review studies, using humans and other animals, examining muscle and tendon interactions and discuss the hypothesis that connections between muscle bellies and within tendons may serve as a mechanism to distribute forces and mitigate peak stresses. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Sedentary Behaviors and Adiposity in Young People: Causality and Conceptual Model
Research on sedentary behavior and adiposity in youth dates back to the 1980s. Sedentary behaviors, usually screen time, can be associated with adiposity. Although the association usually is small but significant, the field is complex, and results are dependent on what sedentary behaviors are assessed and may be mediated and moderated by other behaviors. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Cardioprotective Exercise and Pharmacologic Interventions as Complementary Antidotes to Cardiovascular Disease
Exercise and pharmacologic therapies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease have advanced largely through independent efforts. Understanding of first-line drug therapies, findings from preclinical animal studies, and the need for research initiatives related to complementary cardioprotective exercise-pharma interventions are reviewed from the premise that contemporary cardioprotective therapies must include adjunctive exercise and lifestyle interventions in addition to pharmacologic agents. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspective for Progress Source Type: research

The Consequences of Sedentary Behaviors: Keeping Interpretations Anchored in Evidence
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentary to Accompany Source Type: research

Exercise and Pharmacology as Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: From Bench to Bedside and Back
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentary to Accompany Source Type: research

From the Editor
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Exercise and the Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Therapeutic Implications
An imbalance in oxygen delivery to demand in solid tumors results in local areas of hypoxia leading to poor prognosis for the patient. We hypothesize that aerobic exercise increases tumor blood flow, recruits previously nonperfused tumor blood vessels, and thereby augments blood-tumor O2 transport and diminishes tumor hypoxia. When combined with conventional anticancer treatments, aerobic exercise can significantly improve the outcomes for several types of cancers. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 18, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research