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Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis During Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy
An increase in ribosomal capacity is a hallmark of the hypertrophying muscle. We review evidence demonstrating that transcription of ribosomal RNA genes is necessary for the increase in ribosomal capacity, and this is critical for muscle growth in human and animal models of hypertrophy. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 16, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

mHealth Interventions for Exercise and Risk Factor Modification in Cardiovascular Disease
Exercise and lifestyle risk factor management are critical for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease but are poorly adhered to. Mobile health interventions could enhance engagement; however, a one-size intervention approach cannot meet the needs of all people. We hypothesize a unifying digital platform that enables choice from a suite of evidence-based programs will enhance access, delivery, and engagement. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 16, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Exercise and the Gut Microbiome: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, and Implications for Human Health
The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microbes (collectively known as the gut microbiota) that play essential roles in host physiology and health. Studies from our group and others have demonstrated that exercise independently alters the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota. Here, we review what is known about the gut microbiota, how it is studied, and how it is influenced by exercise training and discuss the potential mechanisms and implications for human health and disease. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 16, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspectives for Progress Source Type: research

Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity in the Skeletal Muscle and Brain
We present the hypothesis that exercise-induced hyperemia, perhaps through vascular shear stress, represents an important factor responsible for the effects of physical activity (PA) on vascular insulin sensitivity. Specifically, we postulate PA involving the greatest amount of skeletal muscle mass and the greatest central neural recruitment maximizes perfusion and consequently enhances vascular insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and brain. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 16, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspectives for Progress Source Type: research

Insulin at the Crossroads of Metabolic, Neurologic, and Vasculature Disease
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 16, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentaries to Accompany Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Linking Type 1 Diabetes and Sarcopenia
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - March 16, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentaries to Accompany Source Type: research

The Importance of mTOR Trafficking for Human Skeletal Muscle Translational Control
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of muscle protein synthesis, and its activation has long been attributed to its translocation to the lysosome. Here, we present a novel model of mTOR activation in skeletal muscle where the translocation of mTOR and the lysosome toward the cell membrane is a key process in mTOR activation. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Raising an Active and Healthy Generation: A Comprehensive Public Health Initiative
Physical activity (PA) provides important health benefits to youth, but most U.S. children and adolescents fail to meet federal PA guidelines. The purpose of this article is to present a plan for a large-scale public health initiative aimed at producing population-level increases in PA among U.S. youth. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Perspective for Progress Source Type: research

Estrogens Are for More Than Just Reproductive Endocrinology
No abstract available (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - January 1, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Commentary to Accompany Source Type: research

Promoting Exercise Adherence Through Groups: A Self-Categorization Theory Perspective
The hypothesis presented in this paper is that adherence to exercise programs can be understood, and fostered through intervention, by considering how social identities form within group settings. This paper explains these processes from a self-categorization theory perspective. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

The Importance of mTOR Trafficking for Human Skeletal Muscle Translational Control
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of muscle protein synthesis, and its activation has long been attributed to its translocation to the lysosome. Here, we present a novel model of mTOR activation in skeletal muscle where the translocation of mTOR and the lysosome toward the cell membrane is a key process in mTOR activation. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Statistical Considerations for Exercise Protocols Aimed at Measuring Trainability
The individual response to exercise training is of great interest with methods that have been proposed to measure this response reviewed in this paper. However, individual training response estimates may be biased by various sources of variability present in exercise studies, and in particular by within-subject variability. We propose the use of protocols that can separate trainability from within-subject variability. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Protein Metabolism in Active Youth: Not Just Little Adults
Understanding how exercise and dietary protein alter the turnover and synthesis of body proteins in youth can provide guidelines for the optimal development of lean mass. This review hypothesizes that active youth obtain similar anabolic benefits from exercise and dietary protein as adults, but the requirement for amino acids to support growth renders them more sensitive to these nutrients. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks
Circadian rhythms, meals, and exercise modulate energy metabolism. This review explores the novel hypothesis that there is an optimal time of day to exercise to improve 24 h glycemia and lipemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Athletes With Versus Without Leg Amputations: Different Biomechanics, Similar Running Economy
Athletes with transtibial amputations use carbon-fiber prostheses to run. Compared with biological legs, these devices differ in structure and function, and consequently yield affected leg running biomechanics that are theoretically more economical than those of nonamputees. However, experimental data indicate that athletes with unilateral and bilateral transtibial amputations exhibit running economy values that are well within the range of nonamputee values. (Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews)
Source: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews - December 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Articles Source Type: research