Multiscale modeling for cancer radiotherapies
ConclusionsMultiscale approach ’s predictive capabilities are based on the fundamental scientific knowledge. Their strength is in relation to actual physical, chemical, and biological processes that take place following the ions incidence on tissue. This makes the approach flexible and versatile to include various conditions, s uch as the degree of aeration or the presence of sensitizing nanoparticles, related to particular cases. The ideas for how the MSA can contribute to an improved optimization of therapy planning are summarized in the review. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - August 21, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The role of shock waves on the biodamage induced by ion beam radiation
ConclusionThe effects of shock waves on the scenario of radiation damage at different values of linear energy transfer are discussed in detail including the most recently simulated chemical effects. A number of ideas of experiments, in which the shock waves could be discovered, are presented, and ideas for the future developments in this field are conveyed. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - July 29, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Phenomenon-based evaluation of relative biological effectiveness of ion beams by means of the multiscale approach
ConclusionsGood agreement with a large set of experimental data on clonogenic cell survival, inactivation cross section, and RBE emphasizes the predictive power of the MSA. In the high-LET regime, the fact that a given number of ions may produce more damage than needed for a given biological effect leads to a significant (up to 20%) variation in RBE. Consideration of this effect in the analysis of experimental data on irradiation with high-LET ions may lead to re-evaluation of RBE in this regime. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - May 22, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
In vitro anticancer activity of folate-modified docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells
ConclusionsThe summarized experimental data brought us to the conclusion that the incorporation of docetaxel into the targeted PLGA nanoparticles dramatically improves its selectivity against cancer cells. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - May 12, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Importance of radiolytic reactions during high-LET irradiation modalities: LET effect, role of O 2 and radiosensitization by nanoparticles
This article reviews radiation chemistry processes induced by high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. The first part gives a short historical introduction and defines the essential concepts of radiation chemistry. It is aimed at radiobiologists in search of basics in this discipline, to link to their biological observations. Then, special focus is done on LET effect, oxygen effect and nanoparticles as these parameters can influence the success of radiotherapy. The embraced point of view is the one from a chemist as involved molecular reactions in water are detailed and revealed, for example, how dioxygen can be produc...
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - May 12, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Use of a lipid nanoparticle system as a Trojan horse in delivery of gold nanoparticles to human breast cancer cells for improved outcomes in radiation therapy
ConclusionsThis study clearly shows that the cell cycle, GNPs, and radiation therapy can be combined to improve outcome of cancer therapy. Using the experimental data, we estimated the predicted improvement for a clinical treatment plan where 30 fractions of 2 Gy radiation dose were given over a period of time. Enhanced uptake and radiation sensitivity of a synchronous tumor cell population would produce a significant improvement in cell killing. For example, synchronizing cells and the addition of LNP–GNPs into tumor cells produced a 1000-fold enhanc ement in cell killing. Because the agents used for cell synchronizat...
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - April 24, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Comb-like PEG-containing polymeric composition as low toxic drug nanocarrier
ConclusionThe developed PNC we studied can be qualified as a compound of grade 4 toxicity (low toxicity substance). The reduced toxicity of this PNC in combination with its improved bioavailability and previously detected capability to enhance cytotoxicity toward tumor cells in vitro and potential tumor treatment effects in vivo suggests its potential as a safe drug delivery platform for treating various diseases, especially cancer. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - December 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Enhanced nanoparticle delivery exploiting tumour-responsive formulations
AbstractNanoparticles can be used as drug carriers, contrast
agents and radiosensitisers for the treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles can either passively accumulate within tumour sites, or be conjugated with targeting ligands to actively enable tumour deposition. With respect to passive accumulation, particles < 150 nm accumulate with higher efficiency within the tumour microenvironment, a consequence of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Despite these favourable properties, clinical translation of nano-therapeutics is inhibited due to poor in vivo stability, biodistribution and target cell intern...
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - November 21, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Towards photon radiotherapy treatment planning with high Z nanoparticle radiosensitisation agents: the Relative Biological Effective Dose (RBED) framework
AbstractA novel treatment planning framework, the Relative Biological Effective Dose (RBED), for high Z nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced photon radiotherapy is developed and tested in silico for the medical exemplar of neoadjuvant (preoperative) breast cancer MV photon radiotherapy. Two different treatment scenarios, conventional and high Z NP enhanced, were explored with a custom Geant4 application that was developed to emulate the administration of a single 2 Gy fraction as part of a 50 Gy radiotherapy treatment plan. It was illustrated that there was less than a 1% difference in the dose deposition throughout the standard and...
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - November 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
C 60 fullerene and its nanocomplexes with anticancer drugs modulate circulating phagocyte functions and dramatically increase ROS generation in transformed monocytes
ConclusionsThe antineoplastic effect of C60 fullerene has been observed by direct toxic effect on tumor cells, as well as through the modulation of the functions of effector cells of antitumor immunity. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - October 31, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Magnetic hyperthermia of breast cancer cells and MRI relaxometry with dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles
ConclusionsOur results encouraged the future application of G4@IONPs in magnetic hyperthermia and MR imaging. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - October 8, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cisplatin-loaded hollow gold nanoparticles for laser-triggered release
ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the photothermal property of HGNPs can be used for dual-modality photothermal therapy and NIR laser-triggered platinum-based chemotherapy. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - August 3, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Gene therapy with RALA/iNOS composite nanoparticles significantly enhances survival in a model of metastatic prostate cancer
ConclusionThese studies further validate RALA as a genetic cargo delivery vehicle and iNOS as a potent therapy for the treatment of cancer. (Source: Cancer Nanotechnology)
Source: Cancer Nanotechnology - June 1, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
