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Selection tool use in Canadian tech companies: Assessing and explaining the research–practice gap.
Hiring the right people at the right time is essential for the successful growth of any organization. Although organizational researchers have identified the most reliable and valid methods for selecting employees, many companies are not following these recommendations and are missing out on top talent as a result. In the present research we focus on the selection methods of tech companies using a two-study, mixed-methods design. In Study 1 we surveyed 120 tech company representatives who were knowledgeable about their company’s hiring practices (e.g., HR professionals, CEOs, COOs). It was found that tech companies are f...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sociodemographic variables and illness attitudes toward COVID-19 in Kuwait.
This study detects that females, people aged 49 years old and younger, students, and people with bachelor’s degrees reported higher scores of illness attitudes toward the COVID pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examining the temporal associations between depression and pathological gaming.
In North America, pathological gaming frequently co-occurs with depression. Current literature provides mixed support for three different models of temporal precedence: The vulnerability model, scar/complication model, and reciprocal model. In the present study, we examined directional associations between pathological gaming and depression, using a short-term multiwave study design. Two hundred and eighty-nine participants from North America completed a three-wave 4-week study through Amazon Mechanical Turk. We ran two cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) to test temporal associations between depression and both time spent g...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Unnecessary ping-pong: Illustrations of why previous findings should be taken into account when evaluating new data sets.
Eighteen data sets for a wide selection of research topics were used to illustrate why previous findings should be taken into account when attempting to reach a conclusion about an effect when evaluating a new data set. Traditional data analysis methods that neglect previous findings can result in high rates of incorrect or conflicting conclusions while, for the same data sets, the rates of conflicting findings for methods that incorporate previous data (updating meta-analyses or Bayesian analyses) are dramatically lower. The benefits of incorporating previous findings are particularly evident when the effect size for a ph...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Double-pronged bias against black women: Sexism and racism (but not right-wing ideology) as unique predictors.
At the intersection of race and gender, Black women can face multifaceted marginalization as members of two marginalized groups. Is such bias against Black women due to individual differences in racism or sexism, or are both implicated? In the present study, non-Black undergraduates at a Canadian university (N = 231) rated stereotype endorsement of Black women (“Mammy,” “Jezebel,” “Sapphire,” “Ratchet”) and their willingness to discriminate against Black women (hiring of, sublet to, voting for). Hostile sexism uniquely predicted stronger stereotype endorsement, whereas modern racism uniquely predicted great...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 8, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Young adolescent experiences with the intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and anxious arousal across contexts.
The present study assessed the functional associations between the intolerance of uncertainty (IU), worry, and arousal as components of anxiety in preadolescents using a novel measure of anxiety in children. It was expected that IU and worry would be most strongly related to each other and that IU would be a more powerful antecedent to worry than to arousal. Young adolescents (n = 216) in Grades 5 and 6 (Mage = 11.35) completed self-report questionnaires at two times. Participants rated newly developed items to assess anxiety (IU, worry, and arousal) in social and test situations. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Beyond educational attainment: The role of achievement and school absence in the development of criminal justice involvement.
This study included 1,050 participants (52% women) from the Concordia Longitudinal Research Project in Montréal, Quebec. We found that academic achievement and absences were important contributors to educational attainment. The relations between childhood factors (e.g., aggression, likeability, withdrawal, and neighborhood disadvantage) and criminal justice involvement were mediated by achievement, absences, and education. The specific paths from achievement and absences to criminal charges differed for men and women, whereby men with high absences or low achievement scores, were at the highest risk. Implications for earl...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Measuring psychological need satisfaction in exercise: A tale of two instruments.
Conclusions: Overall, the limited error of measurement is evident based on average score reliability estimates for the PNSE and BPNES. Interpretation of the moderator analyses reinforces the importance of understanding the role of sampling and instrument modification on score reliability in exercise psychology research using the PNSE and BPNES. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Development and initial validation of the Dating Violence Evaluation Questionnaire (DVEQ).
Dating violence is especially prevalent among adolescents, making it imperative that prevention programmes be effective. To evaluate programmes systematically, youths’ perceptions and experiences should be comprehensively assessed. Currently, there are few psychometrically sound instruments available to assess programme changes in dating violence knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. The present study focused on the development of the Dating Violence Evaluation Questionnaire (DVEQ), a comprehensive measurement tool that assesses all three and is based on the goals and objectives of dating violence prevention p...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 18, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Trust as a mediator of the relationship between character and perceptions of leader effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis.
Character is a leadership quality that is often scrutinized yet poorly understood. Our research focuses on several questions relating to character and perceived leader effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis. First, does the character of the prime minister matter to voters during major crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic? Second, are all dimensions that comprise the leader character framework we examined considered essential for political leadership in times of crisis? Third, is character related to perceptions of leadership effectiveness? Fourth, what role does identification-based trust play in the relationship between...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 18, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Mandatory reporting and clinician decision-making when a client discloses sexual interest in children.
Many individuals with sexual interest in children express a desire for mental health services but represent an underserved client population. An identified barrier to service provision is mandatory reporting legislation, which requires clinicians to report when they learn of a child who has been, or is at risk of being, sexually abused. We conducted a vignette study to examine the factors that would influence mandatory reporting decision-making when a client discloses sexual interest in children. We recruited a convenience sample of 309 Canadian registered mental health clinicians and student trainees who completed several...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Emotional impact of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Colombia.
Around the world, approximately 168 countries have used graphic health warnings (GHWs). Colombia has used such GHWs since 2009. The present study evaluated the emotional impact of GHWs that were used in Colombia from 2009 to 2017; additionally, we also assessed craving toward GHWs, since previous studies have found that some GHWs may induce positive affective states. The study included 703 participants (47.9% female; mean age = 25.43 years), classified into three age groups (adolescents, young adults, and adults) and into three smoking status groups (nonsmokers, smokers, and former smokers) and with two different education...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Chronic PTSD and other psychological sequelae in a group of frontline healthcare workers who contracted and survived SARS.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic of 2003 was highly concentrated in health care settings and resulted in a high number of health care workers (HCWs) contracting the disease. The SARS epidemic has improved our understanding of how trauma impacts frontline HCWs who serve as first responders during an infectious disease outbreak. However, our insight into the trajectory of frontline HCWs’ morbidity posttrauma continues to be limited, as the majority of the previous work has focused on the short-term or immediate impact of SARS on HCWs, with only a few studies dedicated to the evaluation of its long-term...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Mindfulness and perceptions of physical health: The mediating role of perceived stress.
Mindfulness, the ability to attend to present-moment thoughts and feelings in a nonjudgmental manner, is associated with a variety of positive health outcomes. In previous research, self-perceived stress mediated the relationship between mindfulness and physical health perceptions, a finding consistent with the Mindfulness Stress Buffering Account. To extend this research, we examined how five facets of mindfulness were related to self-perceived stress and self-reported physical health. We distributed an electronic survey assessing mindfulness, self-perceived stress, and self-reported physical health to 242 undergraduate s...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Psychosocial factors associated with Canadian police officers’ susceptibility to posttraumatic stress and growth.
Potentially traumatic event exposures occur frequently in policing, yet relatively little research has been done on posttraumatic outcomes in Canadian federal and municipal officers. Given that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in police populations represents a significant health concern and economic burden, clarifying risk and protective factors for PTSD would inform screening, training, and early intervention for Canadian police. The current research investigated the relationship between psychosocial variables [i.e., anxiety sensitivity (AS), intolerance of uncertainty (IU), childhood adversity, personality facets, w...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 18, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research