Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Development and initial factor validation of the French Conformity to the Sport Ethic Scale (CSES).
The objective of this study was to develop and begin an initial factor validation of the Conformity to the Sport Ethic Scale (CSES), a scale assessing the conformity of teenage athletes from all competition levels to these sport ethic norms. Following the steps suggested by DeVellis (2012) for scale development and validation, a convenience sample of 1,096 French Canadian athletes between 14 and 18 years and who participated in an organized sport were recruited to partake in an online study assessing their conformity to the sport ethic. The CSES was developed to include 4 dimensions based on the qualitative work of Hughes ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Ecological momentary assessment of stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility among college and university students during acceptance and commitment therapy.
The aim of this ecological momentary assessment study was to explore how students’ momentary levels of stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility fluctuate during an intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Fifty-nine (n = 59) Canadian postsecondary students took part in this study. They were invited to participate in 5 group workshops of 2.5 hr in length and to use a smartphone application designed for ecological momentary assessment. Data collection spanned 5 consecutive weeks. Students were prompted once per day at random times between 8:30 a.m. and 8:30 p.m., for a maximum of 5 times per ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Postsecondary student perceptions and preferences for the treatment of depression and anxiety: Comparison of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy and medication.
This study thus aimed to explore postsecondary students’ perceptions of and preferences for ICBT compared to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) or medication. A sample of Canadian postsecondary students were recruited (N = 314) to complete an online survey. Most students preferred face-to-face CBT (44.6%), followed by medication (31.9%) and ICBT (23.5%); however, all 3 treatments were rated as similarly acceptable and credible. Of note, when students considered potential waiting periods, a greater percentage of students opted for ICBT over waiting for face-to-face services. Less severe depression symptoms and...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Relations longitudinales et réciproques entre l’intimidation, la victimisation et les symptômes dépressifs chez les adolescents.
Intimidation and depressive symptoms are often associated. However, the direction of the relationship between these two variables is not clearly established in the scientific literature. This 6-year longitudinal study aimed to test the direction of the links between bullying and depressive symptoms, and between victimization and depressive symptoms, in a sample of 498 adolescents from Grade 6 to Grade 11. The results of the cross-lagged panel analyzes show that the relationships between bullying behaviours and depressive symptoms differ by gender. For girls, depressive symptoms in Grade 6 and Grade 7 are associated with hi...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - November 21, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

When do self-conscious emotions distress teenagers? Interrelations between dispositional shame and guilt, depressive and anxious symptoms, and life satisfaction.
Dispositional shame has been associated positively with psychological distress and negatively with life satisfaction. Conversely, dispositional guilt has been associated positively with life satisfaction. Research pertaining to the outcomes of self-conscious emotions has largely been conducted using adult samples. By comparison, there is a dearth of information on the influence of shame and guilt on well-being in teenagers. Moreover, to our knowledge, this topic was never studied in a French-Canadian sociocultural context. The goal of the present project was thus to examine interrelations between shame, guilt, and distress...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - November 18, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Normalisation et validation d’une épreuve de vitesse de lecture en présentation visuelle sérielle rapide.
A test in French to evaluate the reading speed of adults using a technique of rapid sequential presentation of words was developed. Four equivalent versions of the test were constructed using sentences chosen according to established MNRead criteria. Standards based on the performance of 45 adults who read without difficulty are reported. The capacity of the test to distinguish normal readers from dyslexic readers proved satisfactory. The psychometric indices obtained support the validity of the test, which responds to a strong need for evaluation of reading speed, and the availability of four versions allows for repeated ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 31, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Construction et validation de l’Échelle d’autorégulation des apprentissages en ligne (EAREL).
This article describes the development and the validation of a French questionnaire related to self-regulated learning strategies in online environments (EAREL). The EAREL contains 24 items divided into 4 factors: procrastination, control of learning context, learning strategies and search for peers support. A pilot study (N = 248) was conducted to develop a first version of the EAREL. In the validation study, the data were collected from a sample of 4207 French-speaking individuals enrolled in a MOOC. Questionnaires on self-determination and achievement goals were used to evaluate the convergent and divergent validity of ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The Brief Self-Control Scale: Measurement invariance across gender and relationship with academic achievement.
Research suggests that self-control may operate differently for men and women; however, there is limited information in the literature regarding the role of gender in the measurement of self-control. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004), a commonly used measure of self-control, was equivalent across gender among first-year college students. Using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis approach, existing conceptualizations of the BSCS were examined. Results indicated that the revised BSCS recommended by Maloney, Grawitch, and Barbe...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

L’appropriation comportementale de la rétroaction en évaluation du potentiel: Étude exploratoire de l’effet de la difficulté de développement des compétences et de leur nombre.
This exploratory study aims to better understand the development of competencies following feedback in a competency assessment context. The aim is to test the hypothesis that the interaction between the developmental difficulty of the competencies to improve and their number predicts the intention to act on feedback and behavioural integration of feedback - composed of behavioural changes and engagement in developmental activities. Of 152 candidates who received feedback in a competency assessment context, 65 completed questionnaires measuring intention to act on feedback, right after the latter, and behavioural integratio...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A prospective assessment of PTSD symptoms using analogue trauma training with nursing students.
Exposure to potentially traumatic workplace events is a routine component of the nursing profession, resulting in high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relative to the general population. Difficulties in implementing prospective empirical research have limited the understanding of nurses’ risk and resilience to PTSD; however, novel research with analogue stressors has generated useful methodology for studying risk and resilience variables associated with PTSD. The present study was designed to assess risk and resilience to PTSD in nurses using a high-fidelity trauma analogue simulation. Undergraduate nursing...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Mental health literacy in a sample of Canadian adults.
Mental health literacy (MHL) refers to an individual’s understanding of mental health (positive and negative), mental disorders and their treatments, and ability to effectively seek help (i.e., when, where; ability to use information to seek informed treatment; Kutcher, Wei, & Coniglio, 2016). Most studies of MHL are limited to identifying depression, generalised anxiety, and schizophrenia. Typically, Canadians are good at recognising depression relative to anxiety and schizophrenia. The present study examined the MHL of a mixed Canadian sample of introductory psychology students and adults from the general community (N ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Multiple belongings and psychological well-being among immigrants and the second generation in Canada.
This article examines these issues with large samples of immigrants and their descendants in Canada, using the concepts and measures of sense of belonging, religious identity, life satisfaction and mental health. Findings show that having multiple identities is associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and mental health. However, this general finding varies according to which identities are strong, and by religious group. These findings suggest that the promotion of both Canadian and heritage identities and of a religious identity among immigrants is the best path to achieve higher levels of psychological well-bei...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - May 27, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The differential impact of environment and resilience on youth outcomes.
The potential positive or negative impact of the environment on young people’s wellbeing may vary by a young person’s level of vulnerability and the quality of the environment. To examine this relationship, analysis of a 4-wave (W1–W4) study of 11- to 19-year-old youth (MW1 = 14.0, SDW1 = 1.4) from communities facing heightened challenges in Atlantic Canada (nW1 = 449, nW2 = 256, nW3 = 249, nW4 = 234) used growth curve models to test whether, at different levels of individual vulnerability (depression and conduct problems), the effect of resilience on outcomes (school engagement and risk behaviours) varied by the qua...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 4, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Who helps and why? Contextualizing organizational citizenship behavior.
Employees use organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to achieve different functions: some OCB reflects altruistic motivations to help one’s organisation or coworkers, and some OCB reflects self-serving impression management motivations. Across 2 samples (Ns = 191 and 189), we contextualize functional (i.e., goal-directed) OCB with respect to dispositional and situational factors. Other-serving OCB was more common among employees higher on Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness, and in workplaces with transformational (intrinsically motivating) leaders and low perceptions of politics. In ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Managerial support for employees’ psychological needs: A multidimensional approach.
We expand the notion of autonomy-supportive management from self-determination theory (SDT) by treating it as a multidimensional construct, with the dimensions reflecting behaviours expected to satisfy the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness that underlie autonomous motivation. Using SDT as a guide, we constructed a set of Need-Supportive Management Scales (NSMS), each with a clear behavioural focus. In Study 1, we administered the measures to a diverse sample of working adults (N = 318) to evaluate the factor structure of the new measures. Study 2 was conducted with another diverse sample (N = 497) as a second...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research