Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Physical activity and child depressive symptoms: Findings from the QLSCD.
This study investigated the contribution of engaging in structured and unstructured physical activity on girls’ and boys’ depressive symptoms. Secondary analyses were conducted using prospective-longitudinal data (n = 1,516 children) of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Parents reported on their children’s participation in structured and unstructured physical activity when he or she was 7-years-old. Depressive symptoms, when the child was 8-years-old, were assessed through the Social Behavior Questionnaire. Child’s past depressive symptoms, maternal depressive symptoms, family conflict, and socioe...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 18, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Validation of the French-Canadian version of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ-FR).
Heart-focused anxiety is defined as a fear of cardiovascular sensations and their anticipated negative consequences. This construct is associated with the development, exacerbation, and maintenance of noncardiac chest pain. The Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire was specifically developed to assess heart-focused anxiety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the French-Canadian version of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire in a sample of 719 adults suffering from noncardiac chest pain who consulted a physician in an emergency department. The factorial analysis showed that a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Regulatory fit in the interactive sports of badminton and volleyball: A closer look at task framing applications.
According to regulatory focus theory, two basic regulatory foci can be identified. In a promotion focus, athletes direct attention to accomplishments and positive task performance. In a prevention focus, athletes concentrate on safety, the fulfillment of duties, and avoiding negative performance. Previous research has shown that athletic performance benefits from a fit between athletes’ chronic regulatory focus and instructions as provided by the situational framings of sports. The present research investigates the performance effects of nonverbalized sports task framings with two studies. In an experiment with volleybal...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 4, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

An experimental comparison of emotion regulation strategies for reducing acute distress in individuals with eating disorders.
This study investigated the relative effectiveness of two prominent and clinically-applicable emotion regulation strategies - cognitive reappraisal and mindful awareness - and an active control strategy (distraction) for reducing acute distress in an eating disorder sample. Participants with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other specified feeding or eating disorder underwent a body image distress induction and, following the induction, were instructed to practice cognitive reappraisal, mindful awareness, or distraction. State negative affect, weight- and shape-based self-esteem activation, body dissatisfaction, eati...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 17, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Rôle médiateur du sentiment de compétence dans la relation entre orientation choisie ou subie et motivation scolaire chez les élèves au niveau secondaire.
The present research seeks to understand the extent to which students’ academic choices (free or constraint) regarding their curricula influence their academic motivation. Two studies were conducted to reach this goal. In the first one, a questionnaire measuring students’ self-determination perceptions within the decision-making process as well as the negative and positive influences from others (e.g., teachers, parents, peers) was developed and administered to a sample of 314 high school students. Findings supported the structural validity of the questionnaire. In a second study, the relationships between students’ ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Acceptability and perceived helpfulness of single session mindfulness and cognitive restructuring strategies in individuals with social anxiety disorder: A pilot study.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions are widely used evidence-based treatments for various psychological disorders. Although much research has demonstrated their efficacy and effectiveness, little research has been conducted on patient attitudes toward these treatments, with even less research comparing these interventions directly. The current study examined the acceptability and perceived helpfulness of mindfulness and cognitive restructuring strategies for decreasing postevent processing (PEP; i.e., a period of reflection on a past social event that is typically negative and ruminati...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Utilité des tests cognitifs pour prédire le diagnostic de TDAH présentation mixte chez des jeunes âgés de 8 à 15 ans.
This study aims to document the predictive value of tests for the diagnosis of ADHD. This is a retrospective study with 125 youth aged 8 to 15 (M = 10.39, 30 girls and 95 boys) who seek help for adjustment problems. After their assessment, participants are divided into two groups, the ADHD group (n = 68) or the comparison group (n = 57), where ADHD is not suspected. The results show that three tests (1-cognitive inhibition, 2-inhibition of a motor response, 3-sustained attention) are most accurate in predicting an ADHD diagnosis. Discriminant analysis is meaningful and accounts for 57% of the variance. The results indicate...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Exposures to potentially traumatic events among public safety personnel in Canada.
Canadian Public Safety Personnel (e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, and police) are regularly exposed to potentially traumatic events, some of which are highlighted as critical incidents warranting additional resources. Unfortunately, available Canadian public safety personnel data measuring associations between potentially traumatic events and mental health remains sparse. The current research quantifies estimates for diverse event exposures within and between several categories of public safety personnel. Participants were 4,441 public safety personnel (31.7% women) in 1 of 6 categories (...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Legislation awareness, cyberbullying behaviours, and cyber-roles in emerging adults.
This study examined the differences between cyber-roles’ (i.e., bully, victim, bully-victim, uninvolved, average involvement) opinions and awareness of cyberbullying legislation and landmark Canadian cyberbullying cases. Participants were also asked to rate their agreement with aspects of the now-defunct Cyber-Safety Act. Participants were 681 emerging adults (Mage = 20.61, SD = 1.90, range = 18–25 years) attending a university in Nova Scotia, Canada. Results indicated that participants with knowledge of the Rehtaeh Parsons (“R”) case had significantly stronger opinions of both the R and the Amanda Todd (“A”) c...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Unveiling the truth: The effect of Muslim garments and face covering on the perceived credibility of a victim’s court testimony.
The perceived credibility of a sexual assault victim’s court testimony was examined. A 2 (Muslim Garment: No, Yes) × 2 (Face Covered: No, Yes) between-participants design was used. Participants (N = 120) were assigned to watch one of four videos of a sexual assault victim providing testimony and asked to rate her credibility. The effect of Muslim Garment on victim credibility ratings was significant; the victim was perceived as more credible when she wore a niqab or hijab compared to when she did not wear either of these garments. The effect of Face Covering on credibility ratings was nonsignificant, and the interaction...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Thankful for what? The efficacy of interventions targeting interpersonal versus noninterpersonal gratitude.
Gratitude interventions have been shown to increase well-being but not trait gratitude. We tested whether gratitude would be sensitive to interventions if interpersonal gratitude (to another person), and noninterpersonal gratitude or appreciation were examined separately. Participants (N = 150) were randomly assigned to one of five 3-week interventions: (a) interpersonal gratitude list, (b) noninterpersonal gratitude list, (c) interpersonal gratitude letter, (d) interpersonal gratitude list + interpersonal gratitude letter, and (e) control intervention (writing daily about a negative and positive incident). Measures of int...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Fallacious beliefs: Gambling specific and belief in the paranormal.
Erroneous beliefs about gambling, known collectively as gambling fallacies, are known to be prevalent in the general population. However, relatively little is understood about the individual differences that lead to increased susceptibility to this collection of fallacious beliefs. It was hypothesized that factors responsible for gambling fallacies may be similar to factors that create susceptibility to other types of fallacious beliefs, such as belief in the paranormal. Using a sample of 266 Lethbridge community members and university students, the current study identified the individual differences associated with, and p...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - December 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Coping and interpersonal functioning in depression.
This study examined the association between the coping strategies most commonly used by individuals with major depressive disorder and their interpersonal functioning. These processes were examined at the beginning of a 20-session cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression and at the end of treatment. Psychotherapy transcripts of 42 participants were rated for coping strategies using the Coping Pattern Rating System (Perry, Drapeau, & Dunkley, 2007) and for interpersonal functioning using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin & Cushing, 2000). Early in therapy, a significant association was found between th...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Screening negative affectivity in young adults: Validation and psychometric evaluation of the French version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales.
The screening of emotional status in nonclinical samples is useful for clarifying the factorial structure of the negative affectivity construct. Several studies using the original version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) have suggested that its bifactor model predicts that negative emotions encompass a general dimension and distinctive patterns of symptoms. The aims of the present investigation were to enlarge the understanding of the negative affectivity construct by examining the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the French version of DASS-42 using a large sample of young adults. French-...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Agression indirecte à l’âge scolaire primaire et comportements de prise de risque durant le secondaire chez les filles.
Aggressive behaviours can lead to serious problems of adaptation, including increased implication in risk-taking behaviours in adolescence. In a sample composed exclusively of girls, the present study seeks to examine whether peer nominations of indirect aggression at the end of elementary school can predict the development of self-reported risk-taking behaviours in secondary school (delinquent behaviours, substance use and risky sexual activities). The sample consists of 250 girls who were followed over four time points from the end of elementary school (fifth and sixth grade; T1) to secondary school II-IV (T4). After sta...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research