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Emotion-focused therapy for depression: Canadian contributions.
We describe how depression is understood within EFT and review studies that examined its effectiveness in the treatment of depression and illuminate the important role of working with emotion to facilitate change. EFT initially known as process-experiential therapy is an empirically supported treatment for depression. In EFT, emotions are seen as fundamental to the construction of the self, providing an immediate source of information by means of a preconscious, automatic evaluation of stimuli. This system provides information and action tendencies and a gut response that helps people discriminate among competing options, ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Mindfulness meditation in the long-term management of mood disorders: Contributions by Canadian researchers.
Longitudinal evidence indicates that dysphoria linked reactivation of depressive thinking styles—cognitive reactivity—is a significant predictor of depressive relapse in people who have recovered from depression (Segal et al., 2006). Using this as a framework, Canadian researcher Zindel Segal et al. (2002, 2013) developed Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), an eight session, relapse prevention treatment that targets cognitive reactivity via training in mindfulness meditation. In Part 1 of this article, we describe the development and session structure of MBCT, followed by a review of empirical support and mecha...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Canadian contributions to cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.
This article reviews and discusses the major contributions made by Canadian psychologists to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. Canadian psychologists have had a long history in the development and evaluation of treatments for depression, and have contributed in many respects to the evidence base in these domains. This article specifically addresses the scientific, theoretical, and practice contributions in CBT for depression, and reviews prominent efficacy trials and meta-analyses based on this model. Innovations such as the development and evaluation of behavioral activation and mindfulness-based cognitiv...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Perfectionism and its role in depressive disorders.
Perfectionism is a personality style that has been described for decades as highly relevant to depression. Over the past 30 years, our work, as well as the work of other Canadian and international researchers, has attempted to understand the cause and maintenance of perfectionism and the role that this pernicious personality style plays in predisposing individuals to various problems, such as depression. In the present article, we outline our multidimensional and multilevel descriptive model of perfectionism and summarize several models of perfectionism and depression that we have focused on over the years, both from a dia...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Symptômes dépressifs vécus par les parents dans la population générale: État des travaux québécois et canadiens.
Depressive symptoms experienced by parents during the perinatal period can have serious consequences on the development of their children. Although this issue is of concern, the studies conducted to date have certain limitations, including the fact that they rarely consider the temporal scope of depressive symptoms beyond the perinatal period and do not take into account the mental health of fathers. The purpose of this article is to report on Canadian work that has documented the extent of depressive symptoms among parents in the general population. It also presents the prevalence of parental depressive symptoms from the ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Exceptional Canadian contributions to research on cognitive vulnerability to depression.
This article highlights some of these exceptional contributions and the important roles Canadian scientists have played in enhancing our understanding of the cognitive products (e.g., dysfunctional attitudes), cognitive operations/processes (e.g., attention, encoding, and memory biases), and cognitive structures (i.e., cognitive organization) involved in depression. Following this review, we discuss research that has integrated cognitive vulnerability with other risk factors for depression, address some important measurement issues in cognitive vulnerability research, and highlight directions for future research. (PsycInfo...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Introduction to the special issue on exceptional Canadian contributions to research in depression.
Major Depressive Disorder is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and debilitating condition, affecting more than 264 million individuals worldwide. Canadian researchers have made significant contributions to the scientific understanding and treatment of depression. For example, Canada ranks first in the world on the number of articles published on depression (and second on papers determined to be Highly Cited in Field) when considering the proportion of researchers in each country. Canadian psychologists have played a critical role in advancing our knowledge of the epidemiology, vulnerability, treatment, and prevention of depre...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Production, envoi et retransmission de sextos chez les adolescents : Prévalence et facteurs associés.
This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with three sexting behaviors: producing, sending, and retransmitting. Reasons for sexting were documented. This cross-sectional observational study included 1,089 adolescents in secondary 4 and 5 (M = 16 years). Approximately one in four adolescents had produced and sent sexting, and approximately 3% of adolescents had retransmitted sexting. Adolescents primarily sext to flirt or to offer a sexy gift. Female gender, non-heterosexual sexual attraction, impulsivity, and a more significant number of sexual partners increase the likelihood of engaging in sexting, while ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examen du profil psychopathologique selon la présence de la dépendance alimentaire et d’un trouble accès hyperphagiques.
This study aims to examine the psychopathological severity according to the presence or absence of FA and BED. The sample included 158 overweight or obese adults (mean BMI = 38.12 kg/m2, SD = 7.74) consulting for weight and eating-related problems. They completed a diagnostic interview and questionnaires addressing eating behaviors (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, Three Factors Eating Questionnaire, Binge Eating Scale, Grazing Questionnaire, Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, reduced), body satisfaction (Body-Esteem Scale), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and personality traits (Temperament and Character I...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Caractéristiques psychosociales des hommes offrant des services de danses érotiques : Une étude quantitative exploratoire.
This study highlights the importance of documenting the realities of these dancers as well as the relevance of future studies on their specific needs in order to create accessible prevention and intervention programs better adapted to their experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Parents and caregivers’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.
This study aimed to understand parents and caregivers’ willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. A total of 406 parents and caregivers living in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, completed an online survey in March and April 2021. Results indicated that the majority of parents were willing to get their children vaccinated against COVID-19, but a quarter of parents were not considering getting their children vaccinated, were unlikely to do so or remained unsure. Results of a multinomial logistic regression revealed that parents were more willing to vaccinate their children when they showed low levels ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Is empathy linked to prosocial and antisocial traits and behavior? It depends on the form of empathy.
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, Vol 55(1), Jan 2023, 75-80; doi:10.1037/cbs0000330Empathy is a complex behavior that is related to a variety of different social outcomes. In particular, researchers have focused on empathy’s significant links to prosocial and antisocial behavior. Recent research suggests that these links may not apply equally to emerging (and diverging) forms of empathy. The literature has distinguished affective (feeling what someone feels), cognitive (knowing what someone feels), and sympathetic (caring about what someone feels) forms of empathy. ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The impact of COVID-19 anxiety on quality of life in Canadian adults: The moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty and health locus of control.
This study recruited 193 Canadian adults using crowdsourcing platforms during the third wave of COVID-19. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing demographics and the constructs of interest. Regression analyses found that neither intolerance of uncertainty nor health locus of control significantly moderated the relationships between COVID-19 anxiety and daily functioning. However, both intolerance of uncertainty and health locus of control were significant moderators between COVID-19 anxiety and quality of life. These findings extend past research by emphasizing the need to target specific risk factors, such...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Lying motivations: Exploring personality correlates of lying and motivations to lie.
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, Vol 54(4), Oct 2022, 335-340; doi:10.1037/cbs0000328The present study examined relationships between lying motivations and HEXACO (honesty–humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, openness) personality traits. Participants (257 adults recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk) completed questionnaires measuring lying frequency, lying motivations, and HEXACO traits. Lying frequency was inversely correlated with honesty–humility and conscientiousness. The most common motivations for lying were for a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A pilot study assessing effectiveness of a written shame induction protocol with and without a social evaluative threat manipulation.
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, Vol 54(4), Oct 2022, 257-267; doi:10.1037/cbs0000325This pilot study was the first to evaluate the impact of a social evaluative threat (SET) manipulation on the shame induction effectiveness of a written shame protocol. We randomized seventy participants to three protocols (except n = 5 nonrandomized to control group): a written shame protocol where participants were told their response would be (a) read (shame protocol with SET manipulation [SET]; n = 25); or (b) immediately shredded (shame protocol without SET manipulation [No SET];...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research