Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Factor structure of the Brief COPE in patients with melanoma.
This study aims to investigate the factor structure and construct validity of the Brief COPE among patients diagnosed with melanoma. The sample included 174 melanoma patients (Mage = 59.5 years; SD = 13.8) whose coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE. General distress (depression, anxiety) was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4, while skin cancer–specific distress was assessed using the Skin Cancer Index. Emotional processing and expression were assessed using the Emotional Approach Coping scale. A maximum-likelihood factor analysis with promax rotation supported an 8-factor solution explaini...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - May 7, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sleep belief change following fatigue induction.
This study tested an imaginal fatigue induction procedure using methods from other validated state induction techniques—autobiographical recall and music—in order to examine the association between fatigue and sleep-related cognition. Undergraduate students (N = 78) participated in a test of an imaginal fatigue induction procedure. A counterbalanced repeated-measures design was used to assess the feasibility of the procedure. There was a significant increase in fatigue ratings following the procedure, and 69% of participants were successfully and specifically induced into a fatigue state. Unhelpful sleep-related belief...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - May 7, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Unpacking the complexity of immigrant attitudes in Canada: Immigrant age predicts attitudes toward immigrants.
Although older adults are often seen as warm, they also may be viewed as incompetent. These perceptions of incompetence have implications for the context of immigration, whereby older immigrants may be viewed as a burden on the economy and public services and unlikely to integrate into society. The current research examined whether attitudes toward immigrant targets differ as a function of the target’s age. Studies 1 (N = 85) and 2 (N = 202) tested this question with Canadian samples and found that older immigrant targets were viewed more negatively than young adult immigrant targets, and that this was explained by the b...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 30, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Modification des interprétations et thérapie cognitivo-comportementale pour le trouble d’anxiété généralisée : Un essai randomisé.
Among people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), those who have a stronger tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous situations benefit less from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Accordingly, an interpretation modification program (IMP) could improve the effectiveness of CBT for that anxious population. This randomized clinical trial evaluates the impact of adding an IMP to CBT for a GAD group. Our hypotheses are as follows: (1) the interpretation bias is correlated to the severity of pre-treatment GAD symptoms; (2) adding an IMP to CBT will contribute to great improvement of the interpretation bias; and (3) addin...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 6, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Organizational memory strategy training with children with autism spectrum disorder.
Memory strategies are essential components of the development of cognitive abilities. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less likely to use memory strategies spontaneously and, when used, the strategies are often not optimally beneficial. The effectiveness of teaching 2 memory strategies and maintenance of the teaching gains were explored. Nine children with ASD were tested in a single-case research design, where each child was his or her own control. Two 45-min sessions per week were given for 3 consecutive weeks and a follow-up session 2 weeks later. During Baseline trials, spontaneous organisation and rehe...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - April 6, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effective military leadership: Balancing competing demands.
According to the Competing Values Framework (CVF; Quinn & Rohrbaugh, 1983), leadership requires a balance of competing priorities, including achieving goals while supporting subordinates and following rules while adapting to changing conditions. When leaders effectively balance these competing demands, they can provide employees with clear roles, a clear reporting structure, and challenging, meaningful work. Among the Canadian Armed Forces, in 2 independent samples, members’ perceptions of their leaders (based on the CVF) predicted role stressors (i.e., role ambiguity, role conflict, and role insufficiency), which subseq...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The influence of social climate on transformational leadership potential in young adults.
Drawing on self-determination theory, two experimental studies were designed to test the influence of social climate on leadership self-efficacy and transformational leadership behaviours in independent samples of university students. Across both studies, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: basic needs-supportive (BNS), behaviourally controlling (BC), or psychologically controlling (PC). Participants’ interim leadership self-efficacy, transformational leadership potential, group satisfaction, and group performance were subsequently evaluated. Study 1 (n = 199) and Study 2 (n = 176) found that ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

An exploration of laypeople’s perceptions of confession evidence and interrogation tactics.
For a confession to be admitted as evidence, the confession must be voluntary, procured when a suspect is aware of his or her right to silence and counsel, and the methods that obtained the confession should not shock the conscience of the public. We conducted 3 studies on samples of Canadian citizens to begin to examine what the public does or does not find inappropriate in the context of police interrogations. Findings suggest that overtly coercive tactics are viewed as less appropriate than psychologically manipulative tactics. Crime severity and evidence strength influenced these perceptions. Of the psychologically man...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - March 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Le Questionnaire sur les comportements sécurisants du trouble d’anxiété généralisée (QCS-TAG) : Validation auprès d’un échantillon clinique.
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the only anxiety disorder listed without behavioural symptoms in the DSM–5. In their review of the GAD diagnostic criteria, Andrews et al. (2010) suggested 4 behavioural symptoms. These symptoms, however, were not retained for the DSM–5. Based on these recommendations and on our clinical experience, we developed an 18-item self-report questionnaire to assess the use of safety behaviours that are associated with GAD (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-Safety Behaviours Questionnaire, GAD-SBQ; Hebert & Dugas, 2019). The aim of this study is to verify the relevance of the 18 items of the in...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Validation de l’Échelle de compétence du thérapeute auprès de clients atteints du trouble d’anxiété généralisée.
The objective of this study is to validate the TCS, in particular by verifying its factorial structure, then evaluating its psychometric properties (its convergent and predictive validity) within a sample of 70 participants with general anxiety disorder. (1) The TCS and its two sub-scales (Technical skills or Savoir-faire, and Interpersonal skills, or Savoir-être) present a good internal coherence and satisfactory test-retest fidelity; (2) the TCS would be more strongly linked to a measure of the characteristics of the therapist than of measurements of therapeutic alliance, client motivation and treatment credibility; and...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - February 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Validation francophone de l’Inventaire des capacités du soi altérées au sein d’adultes de la communauté et d’un échantillon clinique.
The current study aims to validate the French version of the Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities (IASC; Briere, 2000) in order to allow and facilitate the use of this measure for French-speaking researchers and clinicians. Results revealed a good internal consistency of every scales in both a clinical sample of clients seeking sex-therapy service in a large metropolitan area (n = 395), and adults from the general population from the same area (n = 959). Exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) indicated that the original structure of the questionnaire was a good representation of the data in both samples, supporti...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 30, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Avoir des relations sexuelles (ou non) avec son partenaire amoureux à l’adolescence : Contribution des pratiques parentales et caractéristiques de la relation de couple.
Parenting practices can encourage or impede the emergence of sexuality in romantic relations of adolescents. However, we know very little about the characteristics of romantic relations in which adolescent partners are sexually active. The first objective of this study was to examine the links between parental control, the secrets of adolescents and conflict in the parent-child relationship at the start of adolescence, and the emergence of sexuality and romantic relations in the adolescent environment. The second objective was to determine whether there was a difference in terms of the quality and duration of their relatio...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 30, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Validation of the French-Canadian adaptation of the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory for adolescents in dating relationships.
The objective of this study was to validate a French-Canadian adaptation of the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) within an adolescent population. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on 2 samples of adolescents (n1 = 262; n2 = 221). In Study 1, results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a 3-factor structure that included positive problem solving, conflict engagement, and withdrawal. Results further revealed evidence of reliability for all subscales (α = .70–.92) and evidence of convergent validity. In Study 2, the results of a second-order confirmatory factor analysis confirme...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The more we get together: Communities of practice for behaviour analysts.
This article explores the concept of community of practice and its potential utility for behaviour analysts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science)
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Corrélats sociodémographiques, psychosociaux et scolaires d’un poids hors normes chez des étudiants du niveau postsecondaire en transition vers l’âge adulte.
This study examines: (a) how students aged 18–29 years with underweight, overweight, or obesity differ from their normal-weight peers on sociodemographic, psychosocial, and academic variables; (b) whether the differences found between normative and non-normative weight categories varies according to gender. Postsecondary students (N = 5 439) filled online questionnaires assessing their sociodemographic and academic characteristics. Mental health indicators (depressive and anxiety symptoms, self-esteem) and social adaptation (perceived family and friend support) were also assessed. Multinomial logistic regression analysis...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research