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The purpose and practice of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in psychological research: Decisions for scale development and validation.
There are many high-quality resources available which describe best practices in the implementation of both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Yet, partly owing to the complexity of these procedures, confusion persists among psychologists with respect to the implementation of EFA and CFA. Primary among these misunderstandings is the very mathematical distinction between EFA and CFA. The current paper uses a brief example to illustrate the difference between the statistical models underlying EFA and CFA, both of which are particular instantiations of the more general common factor mode...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - May 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Flora, David B.; Flake, Jessica K. Source Type: research

Sample issues, methodological implications, and best practices.
This paper discusses issues and best practices associated with participant samples. First, a review of the fundamental differences between probability and nonprobability samples is explored. Given the ubiquitous presence of nonprobability samples in most psychological research, best practices are suggested to deal with the violations of assumptions inherent in them. Next, the perennial concern of how large a sample size should be is considered. After the data have been collected, the matters of handling response rates, missing data, outliers, and demographically based subgroups frequently need to be addressed prior to data...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - May 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kline, Theresa J. B. Source Type: research

A case of the “heeby jeebies”: An examination of intuitive judgements of “creepiness”.
The present research examined “creepiness,” a commonly referenced but little understood construct. In Study 1, 185 undergraduates (74% women) provided qualitative data on the defining characteristics of “creepiness.” “Creepiness” was found to reside in the eyes, and was associated with men with ectomorphic-like bodie s, with a dishevelled appearance, between 31 and 50 years of age. In Study 2, 48 students (71% women) rated black-and-white photographs of Caucasian male faces on a 7-point Likert-type scale for “creepiness,” trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Pictures included 15 neutral images from the Ster...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Watt, Margo C.; Maitland, Rebecca A.; Gallagher, Catherine E. Source Type: research

A French version of the Balanced Time Perspective Scale: Factor structure and relation to cognitive reappraisal.
A frequent and equal tendency to think positively about one ’s past and future has been conceptualised as a balanced time perspective (TP). Such a dispositional temporal orientation has been associated with higher life satisfaction and happiness. The aim of the present study was to develop and to validate a French version of the Balanced Time Perspective S cale (BTPS; Webster, 2011), which has been specifically designed to assess the combined use of positive future and past mental representations as resources for the self. Data were collected from an online survey in a sample of 622 French-speaking individuals from the g...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Barsics, Catherine; Rebetez, Marie My Lien; Rochat, Lucien; D'Argembeau, Arnaud; Van der Linden, Martial Source Type: research

Optimisme comparatif en mati ère de risque de stress professionnel. / Comparative optimism for risk of occupational stress.
It is now recognised that practices of occupational stress prevention should take into account how the individual assesses his relationship with its work environment and in particular its own exposure to risk. In this perspective, 3 studies were conducted to assess the comparative optimism, perceptual bias to overestimate the occurrence of positive events for us even and compared to others, and to underestimate the negative events, regarding occupational stress risk. This bias is evident regardless of the point of reference considered first in the evaluation, self or others (Study 1), is only reduced by the experience in t...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Roques, Martine; Passerault, Jean-Michel; Esnard, Catherine; B éaur, Jean-Charles Source Type: research

Sympt ômes de stress post-traumatique chez les enfants exposés à la violence conjugale : Le rôle des conflits de loyauté. / Symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children exposed to spousal violence: The role of conflict of loyalty.
This study aims to confirm to what extent the degree of exposure to domestic violence causes posttraumatic stress symptoms and the influence of loyalty conflicts in this relationship. A total of 46 children participated in the study (26 girls and 20 boys) aged from 5 and a half years to 12 years old and living with their mother in shelters, in France. Results show that the exposure to domestic violence predicted only 1 of the 5 posttraumatic stress disorders, anxiety. Loyalty conflicts are a predictor of all posttraumatic stress disorders and have a moderating role on the relationship between domestic violence and traumati...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Paul, Olivia; Zaouche Gaudron, Chantal Source Type: research

R égulation de la prise alimentaire consécutive à un travail mental exigeant. / Regulation of food intake due to demanding mental work.
Knowledge-based work has been identified as a potential factor that might accentuate positive energy balance and weight gain. The reasons explaining this relationship and the gender differences previously observed are still unknown. To investigate the relationships between mental effort, cognitive restraint and motivation based on the Strength Model of Self-Regulation, in order to predict eating regulation following a demanding mental work. The protocol consists of a randomized crossover design including 3 conditions (knowledge-based work, exercise and control) followed by an ad libitum buffet measuring eating regulation. ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dupont, Mari ève; Drapeau, Vicky; Senécal, Caroline; Gallant, Annette; Pérusse-Lachance, Émilie; Tremblay, Angelo Source Type: research

"Echelle de bonheur subjectif (SHS): Propri étés psychométriques de la version française de l’échelle (SHS-F) et ses relations avec le bien-être psychologique, l’affect et la dépression". / "Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS): Psychometric properties of the French version of the scale (SHS-F) and its relationship to psychological wel l-being, affect and depression".
In the field of positive psychology, the subjective happiness scale (SHS) is one of the most widely used measures of happiness. While the scale has been translated into many languages, there is still no valid French version. The goal of this article is to investigate the psychometric properties of the French translation of SHS and to establish a standard for the French population. Exploratory and confirmatory studies confirm the unifactorial dimension of the scale. Psychometric properties were judged satisfactory, and the French version of the subjective happiness scale (SHS-F) displays good reliability. Significant correl...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - January 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kotsou, Ilios; Leys, Christophe Source Type: research

L ’échelle des changements de comportements socio-émotionnels de genève (ECCSEG): Validation auprès de patients victimes d’un traumatisme crânio-cérébral. / The Geneva Scale of Socio-emotional Behavior Change (ECCSEG): Validation with patients suffering from cranio-cerebral trauma.
Emotional and behavioral problems following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequent and often associated with family, social and professional difficulties. They constitute an important factor in the assessment and treatment of persons with TBI. However, assessment tools for socio-emotional behavior problems after TBI present numerous shortcomings on the methodological, theoretical and statistical levels. In that context, the objective of this research was to develop and validate a new questionnaire in French based on solid theoretical and methodological criteria: L ’Échelle des changements de comportements socio-émot...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - November 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Beni, Catia; Rochat, Lucien; Malysse, Nathalie; Delecroix, H élène; Arnould, Annabelle; Azouvi, Philippe; Bellmann, Anne; Van der Linden, Martial Source Type: research

Working memory assessment: Construct validity of the Brown-Peterson Test.
The classical Brown-Peterson task is generally supposed to assess working memory capacities. To date, however, the construct validity of the task remains mostly unexamined. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the convergent and the divergent validity as well as the clinical and the developmental sensitivity of a computerized version of the Brown-Peterson test. A group of 726 French-speaking participants, ages 18 to 86 years, and 47 patients who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) were administered the Brown-Peterson task and various other cognitive tasks assessing executive functioning...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 9, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Geurten, Marie; Vincent, Eric; Van der Linden, Martial; Coyette, Fran çoise; Meulemans, Thierry Source Type: research

Renewed promise for positive cross-group contact: The role of supportive contact in empowering collective action.
Positive cross-group contact can undermine disadvantaged group members ’ collective action engagement. However, we hypothesised that positive cross-group contact in which an advantaged group member explicitly communicates opposition to inequality between groups (“supportive contact”) would not undermine collective action and would be empowering for disadvantaged group members. Study 1 focused on cross-group contact between international students and domestic students at an Australian university. Study 2 focused on immigrants to Canada, and provided an opportunity for a cross-group contact with a Canadian-born individ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 9, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Droogendyk, Lisa; Louis, Winnifred R.; Wright, Stephen C. Source Type: research

Élaboration et validation d’une échelle mesurant les phases d’apprentissage. / Development and validation of a scale measuring the learning phases.
This article proposes and validates a scale for learning phases, which contribute to the dynamic character of performance. Until now, no direct measure of learning phases has been used in the few studies dealing with performance. The current research allowed us to overcome this limitation. First, the scale measuring the three components inherent to learning phases (Concentration, Familiarity and Skills) was developed and tested in an exploratory way among 493 students as part of Study 1. Next, its factorial structure, its discriminant and criterion validity were tested within a second sample of 236 students (Study 2). In a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - October 9, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bergeron, Éliane; Denis, Pascale L.; Benoit-Chabot, Gabrielle; Lavigne, Geneviève L.; Stamate, Alina N. Source Type: research

Trauma types as differential predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and their comorbidity.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are 2 of the most common mental health conditions subsequent to traumatic exposure among military personnel, and these disorders are frequently comorbid. This comorbidity is associated with substantial personal and societal costs. Identification of military personnel at higher risk for developing comorbid PTSD/MDD is important, yet limited research has examined potential correlates of this comorbidity. The present study examined whether specific types of traumatic events increase the likelihood of comorbid PTSD/MDD as compared with MDD or PTSD alone a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - August 7, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wanklyn, Sonya G.; Pukay-Martin, Nicole D.; Belus, Jennifer M.; St. Cyr, Kate; Girard, Todd A.; Monson, Candice M. Source Type: research

Adult attachment and performance on an attentional orienting task.
Attachment avoidance has been found to be positively associated with skilled performance on standard cognitive psychology tasks related to executive network of attention (i.e., the ability to resist distracters and resolve conflicts from multiple sources of input). The current study was designed to extend this line of research by investigating relationships between adult attachment characteristics and the orienting network of attention. Based on the idea that individuals high in attachment anxiety may have developed general cognitive processing skills that help them be vigilant to potential threats, it was hypothesised tha...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - July 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: McWilliams, Lachlan A.; Brodeur, Darlene Source Type: research

L ’inhibition de l’attention envers les signaux émotionnels de son partenaire amoureux modère la relation entre l’attachement évitant et la confiance. / Inhibition of attention to the emotional signals of his romantic partner moderates the relationship between avoidant attachment and trust.
The goal of this study was to test whether insecure attachment, in combination with a misallocated attention toward one ’s partner, would influence trust in one’s partner. Forty-five couples were recruited during their visit to a bridal salon. The 2-stage study first consisted of participants completing a demographic questionnaire, measures of relationship-specific attachment and dyadic trust, and a Dot Probe tas k measuring their attentional bias toward their partner’s and strangers’ emotional expressions. Five months later, participants again completed the demographic questionnaire and the dyadic trust scale. The...
Source: Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science - June 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chaperon, Élise; Dandeneau, Stéphane; Lydon, John; Pascuzzo, Katherine; Auger, Émilie Source Type: research