Does the Use of Antidepressants Accelerate the Disease Progress in Creutzfeldt –Jakob Disease Patients With Depression? A Case Report and A Systematic Review
Conclusions: The use of antidepressants, especially SNRIs, was associated with a shorter survival time of sCJD patients. The possible changes in neurotransmitters should be emphasized. Scientifically, this study may provide insights into the mechanism of CJD. Clinically, it may contribute to the early diagnosis of CJD.IntroductionDepression is common in the elderly. Its prevalence rate is as high as 11.19%, and this increases progressively with worsening cognitive impairment (1). The presence of depression is an acknowledged risk factor for dementia (2); it can even double the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (3, 4...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - May 2, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Using Social Networking Sites in Research: An Emerging Approach to Engaging With Young People Who Have a Parent With a Mental Illness and/or Substance Abuse Disorder
ConclusionThere are challenges in connecting with and engaging with young people in research, particularly if the young person is considered underrepresented in the community. An untapped approach in attaining youth involvement in research can be through social networking sites. Social networking sites are platforms that young people use directly and regularly, and could be used as a possible recruitment tool depending on the research study objectives. Further research will do well to illustrate the use of social media in research, the risks and benefits, and how efficacious this strategy is in recruiting different at-risk...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Rapid sequencing of MRSA direct from clinical plates in a routine microbiology laboratory
ConclusionsRapid sequencing of MRSA from clinical culture plates is feasible and reduces the delay associated with purity culture prior to DNA extraction. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - April 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Cardiac Baroreflex, HRV, and Statistics: An Interdisciplinary Approach in Hypertension
Conclusion
In conclusions, we have shown that using a combination of robust and non-parametric statistical methods, along with the bootstrap, it is possible to overcome some of the major limitations ingrained into autonomic evaluation in a clinical setting. In particular, statistical manipulation of data based on adjusted variables frees the data structure from the inherent bias related to age and gender changes. In addition, information from relatively minor study groups can be improved in quality with statistical resampling techniques such as the bootstrap, which we implemented using a non-parametric procedure to avoid ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Surveillance and Genomics of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 From Fish, Phytoplankton and Water in Lake Victoria, Tanzania
This study reports the occurrence of multidrug resistant V. cholerae O1 in Lake Victoria that are genetically closely related to recent pandemic strains in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. The strains identified are also closely related to older pandemic strains recovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and Tanzania up until 1993, suggesting a long-term persistence and wide spatial distribution of pandemic strains within the region with the lake serving as a reservoir. These environmental isolates likely emerged from previous cholera outbreaks and survived in the lake environment for decades through various relatio...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Modulating Applied Task Performance via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Conclusion
tES may prove valuable for modulating applied task performance, though research in this area warrants careful consideration of several individual-, context-, and task-related factors that may predict the robustness and directionality of tES effects. Whereas most applied research with tES has administered tDCS, tACS and tRNS have also shown potential to modulate cortical activity and behavior. Even in highly applied and dynamic tasks, such as navigation and driving, tES appears to carry some performance benefits. This is compelling because as tES is slowly incorporated into highly complex real-world environments...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correlations of Internet Addiction Severity With Reinforcement Sensitivity and Frustration Intolerance in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Moderating Effect of Medications
Conclusion: Fun seeking on the BAS and frustration intolerance should be considered as targets in prevention and intervention programs for IA among adolescents with ADHD.IntroductionThe negative effects of internet addiction (IA) have become a concern in the past decades. IA is characterized by persistent internet use despite negative consequences, loss of control, preoccupation with internet use, increasing amounts of time spent online, and withdrawal symptoms (1). Internet gaming disorders are listed in the “Conditions for Further Study” section in the Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of M...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Impact of Warming on Greenhouse Gas Production and Microbial Diversity in Anoxic Peat From a Sphagnum-Dominated Bog (Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States)
Conclusion
Climate change models project a temperature increase of 6–10°C for the northern hemisphere by the end of this century. Moreover, it was suggested that the exposure of northern peat to elevated temperatures will have a significant effect on the stability of microbial community composition and activity, leading to alteration of ecosystem functioning. In this study, the temperature response of CO2 production under anoxic conditions indicates that separate psychrophilic and mesophilic microbial communities process organic matter in surficial peat from a Sphagnum-dominated bog. Methane production was e...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Explicitly Slow, Implicitly Fast, or the Other Way Around? Brain Mechanisms for Word Acquisition
Yury Shtyrov1,2*, Alexander Kirsanov2,3 and Olga Shcherbakova2,3
1Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark2Laboratory of Behavioural Neurodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia3Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Our ability to communicate using language is a specific cognitive faculty that makes humans stand apart from all other animal species on the planet. Despite the crucial role that language plays in our individual and s...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)/Electrodermal/Skin Conductance Biofeedback on Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusion
Despite the above limitations, this systematic review supports a view that modulation of sympathetic activity using GSR biofeedback represents a promising new therapeutic tool for management of seizures in patients with epilepsy. For future clinical trials, important elements to be considered include size of patient population, seizure type, double-blinding, inclusion of an appropriate control group, and robust randomization methods.
Ethics Statement
We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidel...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hypothyroidism as a Predictor of Surgical Outcomes in the Elderly
Conclusions
It is recommended to post-pone elective surgery in elderly patients with hypothyroidism until an euthyroid state is achieved. If patients need urgent or emergent surgery, it is recommended to proceed with surgery only if they have mild or moderate hypothyroidism. Replacement therapy should be started preoperatively and there should be growing attention to the possible occurrence of minor post-operative complications in hypothyroid patients. As suggested by the American Thyroid Association (ATA), the treatment in elderly patients should be initiated at low doses with slow titration based on serum TSH evaluation...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The Effect of Employment on Delinquent Behavior Among Youth in Hidden Situation
ConclusionResults showed that 15.1% of youths in hidden situations had jobs. They mainly worked in an Internet-based, home-based manner, with some of them being self-employed or working as freelancers, and they were able to make money from their jobs. This suggests that these youths’ being jobless is a prejudice; they are not necessarily those who lack social status as described in previous literature [e.g., Refs. (11, 12, 76)] but can engage in work during prolonged seclusion as their preferred lifestyle and use it to support their lives. Also, the relationship between employment and delinquent behavior was signifi...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Concurrent Statistical Learning of Ignored and Attended Sound Sequences: An MEG Study
This study was supported by the Kawai Foundation for Sound Technology and Music and The Kao Foundation for Arts and Sciences. The funders had no role in the study, and in this manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
Abla, D., Katahira, K., and Okanoya, K. (2008). On-line assessment of statistical learning by event-related potentials. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 20, 952–964. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20058
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Morphological and Whole-Word Semantic Processing Are Distinct: Event Related Potentials Evidence From Spoken Word Recognition in Chinese
In conclusion, the present study provides electrophysiological evidence of the dissociation of morphological and whole-word semantic processing in Chinese spoken word processing. The results identified a central-anterior morphological N400 effect when morphemic meaning conflicts with whole-word semantics, in addition to a classic semantic N400 effect with significantly reduced amplitude in central-parietal areas. Our results also showed that the morphological N400 effect is negatively correlated with reading ability. These results demonstrate the important role of morphological processing in Chinese spoken word recognition...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interactive Impacts of Silver and Phosphorus on Autotrophic Biofilm Elemental and Biochemical Quality for a Macroinvertebrate Consumer
Conclusion
To conclude, our results showed that both P and Ag impacted several biofilm quality parameters, but never interactively. The use of G. fossarum growth experiment permitted to verify the consequences of microbial resources potential quality. In this study, resources C:P was the most important parameter. Similar studies would be required to understand in more details the indirect effects multiple stressors might play on microorganisms consumers and, in turn, on ecosystem functioning.
Author Contributions
MD, AB, VF, LT-H, and JL designed the experiments. CC, JL, JF, and KS-T carried out the experiments. CC, AG,...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
