Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Consideration of within-patient diversity highlights transmission pathways and antimicrobial resistance gene variability in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
ConclusionsPatients can carry multiple sequence types of VREfm, and even within related lineages the presence of mobile genetic elements and antimicrobial resistance genes can vary. VREfm within-patient diversity could be considered in future to aid accurate resolution of transmission networks. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 7, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Linezolid brain penetration in neurointensive care patients
ConclusionsLinezolid demonstrates a high degree of cerebral penetration, and brain concentrations correlate well with plasma and CSF levels. However, substantial variability in plasma levels, and thus cerebral concentrations, may result in subtherapeutic tissue concentrations in critically ill patients with standard dosing, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 7, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Efficacy of cefoperazone/sulbactam for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia and the factors associated with poor outcomes
DiscussionCPZ/SUL demonstrated a clinical success rate of 82.7% (91/110) in treating ESBL-producingEnterobacterales bacteraemia. Treatment success was evident when the CPZ and SUL MIC was ≤32/32 mg/L. Comorbidities (CCI ≥6) were associated with lower clinical success, while disease severity (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥6) correlated with higher mortality. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Novel multidrug resistance genomic islands and transposon carrying blaVEB-1 identified in mcr-positive Aeromonas strains from raw meat in China
ConclusionsWe report chromosomally located novel MDR genomic islands and transposon that carryblaVEB-1 inmcr-positiveAeromonas strains. These genetic elements may mediate the spread ofblaVEB-1 inAeromonas, and may also evolve by capturing new antimicrobial resistance genes or other mobile genetic elements. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 6, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Comment on: Identifying a therapeutic target for vancomycin against staphylococci in young infants
A recentJAC article by Gweeet al.1 identified a therapeutic target for vancomycin against staphylococcal bloodstream infections in young infants based on the area under the curve during a 24 h interval (AUC24). They found that AUC24  ≥ 300 mg/L × h on Day 1, or AUC24 ≥ 424 mg/L × h on Day 2 was associated with increased bacteriological cure. Previously, Jacqz-Aigrainet al.2 showed with population pharmacokinetic meta-analysis and simulations that the recommended dosage regimen in the Blue Book3 and BNF for Children (BNFC)4 for neonates with postmenstrual age (PMA) below 29 weeks (15 mg/kg every 24 h) ...
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Antimicrobial use and appropriateness in neutropenic fever: a study of the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey data
ConclusionsThis study provides insights into antimicrobial prescribing practices for NF in Australia. We have identified three key areas for improvement: piperacillin-tazobactam dosing, paediatric NF prescribing and private hospital NF prescribing. Findings from this study will inform the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the management of neutropenic fever in patients with cancer. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Implications of two-component systems EnvZ/OmpR and BaeS/BaeR in in vitro temocillin resistance in Escherichia coli
ConclusionsMutations in the sensor histidine kinase,baeS, may be involved in temocillin resistance through the expression of the efflux pumpsmdtABC andacrD. In addition, the low mutation rate may be a good predictor of temocillin activity. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 2, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The profile of HIV-1 drug resistance in Shanghai, China: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021
ConclusionsWe revealed HIV-1 subtype characteristics and the DRM profile in Shanghai, which provide crucial guidance for clinical treatment and management of PLWH. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - February 1, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Incidence of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid associated hepatotoxicity in an Australian children ’s hospital
ConclusionsThe incidence of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid related LFT abnormalities (CTCAE Grade 2 or above) in children was 3.6%. A prolonged treatment course>7  days, high cumulative amoxycillin (10 g) and clavulanic acid (>1  g) doses, those aged<2  years, and patients with sepsis or post-gastrointestinal surgery were predictive of a higher likelihood of abnormal LFTs. LFT monitoring should be considered in children receiving ≥7 days of treatment, particularly in those with other predisposing factors. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Riparin II-type benzamides as novel antibiofilm agents against dermatophytes: chemical synthesis, in vitro, ex vivo and in silico evaluation
ConclusionsOur study shows the antibiofilm potential for riparin II-type benzamides as new drugs targeting dermatophytes by inhibiting the Ssu1 protein. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 31, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The combined effect of systemic antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors on Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrence
ConclusionRecent and less recent use of PPIs and systemic antibiotics was associated with an increased risk of CDI, particularly in combination. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 24, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Real-life data of immune recovery using bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed people living with HIV. Results at 48 –96 weeks of RETROBIC Study
ConclusionIn long-term virologically controlled PLWH, B/F/TAF achieved high efficacy rates and slightly improved immune status in women and individuals aged 60 and over after 48 and 96 of switching. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 24, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Use of genotypic HIV DNA testing: a DELPHI-type consensus
ConclusionsThis DELPHI-type consensus will facilitate the strengthening and harmonization of good practice when performing HIV DNA sequencing. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 23, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

An artesunate pharmacometric model to explain therapeutic responses in falciparum malaria —authors’ response
Dr Hastings maintains his defence1 of his group ’s earlier modelling-based claim that ‘Altering antimalarial drug regimens may dramatically enhance and restore drug effectiveness’,2,3 and his global therapeutic recommendation that ‘twice-daily dosing should be incorporated into all ACT regimen design considerations as a simple and effective way of ensuring the continued long-term effectiveness of ACTs. ’2 Dr Hastings argues that our pharmacometric model4 is essentially the same as his and earlier models ‘except that it allows the possibility of parasite recovery after exposure to artemisinin’.1 Yes, indeed â€...
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 22, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Association between piperacillin/tazobactam use and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
ConclusionsIn critically ill patients, exposure to piperacillin/tazobactam was associated with increased risk of AKI and with increased risk of RRT, regardless of combination therapy with vancomycin. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 22, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research