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Specialty: Neurology
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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Embracing failure: What the Phase III progesterone studies can teach about TBI clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS: Better definitions of injury and healing and better outcome measures are essential to change the embrace of failure that has dominated the field for over 30 years. This review offers suggestions to improve the situation. PMID: 26274493 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Brain Injury - February 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Inj Source Type: research

Exercise and Environmental Enrichment as Enablers of Task-Specific Neuroplasticity and Stroke Recovery
Abstract Improved stroke care has resulted in greater survival, but >50 % of patients have chronic disabilities and 33 % are institutionalized. While stroke rehabilitation is helpful, recovery is limited and the most significant gains occur in the first 2–3 months. Stroke triggers an early wave of gene and protein changes, many of which are potentially beneficial for recovery. It is likely that these molecular changes are what subserve spontaneous recovery. Two interventions, aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment, have pleiotropic actions that influence many of the same molecular changes associated...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - February 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuron specific enolase: a promising therapeutic target in acute spinal cord injury
Abstract Enolase is a multifunctional protein, which is expressed abundantly in the cytosol. Upon stimulatory signals, enolase can traffic to cell surface and contribute to different pathologies including injury, autoimmunity, infection, inflammation, and cancer. Cell-surface expression of enolase is often detected on activated macrophages, microglia/macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, promoting extracellular matrix degradation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and invasion of inflammatory cells in the sites of injury and inflammation. Inflammatory stimulation also induces translocation of ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - February 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Re-exploring Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as a Target for Therapy in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a perplexing condition with high mortality and no treatment beyond supportive care. A major portion of the injurious process is takes place during the hours following the development of hematoma. This so-called secondary injury is characterized by an inflammatory cascade that involves a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Several studies in the rodent model of ICH have shown a rapid increase in brain concentrations of TNF-α following hematoma induction. There is a reasonable body of evidence from experimental models of ICH suggesting that upre...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Deletion of Nuclear Localizing Signal Attenuates Proinflammatory Activity of Prothymosin-Alpha and Enhances Its Neuroprotective Effect on Transient Ischemic Stroke
In conclusion, ProT has pro-inflammatory effect that may counteract its neuroprotective effect. Deletion of NLS from ProT may attenuate post-ischemic inflammation and enhance the neuroprotective effects of ProT.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

D-4F Decreases White Matter Damage After Stroke in Mice Basic Sciences
Conclusions— D-4F treatment initiated 2 h after MCAo decreases neuroinflammation and white matter damage and improves functional outcome after stroke. D-4F-induced increase in IGF1 may contribute to D-4F–induced neurite/axonal outgrowth after stroke.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Cui, X., Chopp, M., Zacharek, A., Cui, C., Yan, T., Ning, R., Chen, J. Tags: Treatment, Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences Source Type: research

DNA repair factor linked to breast cancer may also play a role in Alzheimer’s disease
Mutant forms of breast cancer factor 1 (BRCA1) are associated with breast and ovarian cancers but according to new findings, in the brain the normal BRCA1 gene product may also be linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The results, published in Nature Communications, suggest that low levels of BRCA1 protein in the brain may contribute to dementia. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - November 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

Curcumin pretreatment attenuates inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental stroke: the possible role of Sirt1 signaling.
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CCM treatment attenuates ischemic stroke-induced brain injury via activation of SIRT1. PMID: 26639783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - November 27, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Miao Y, Zhao S, Gao Y, Wang R, Wu Q, Wu H, Luo T Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Poor short-term outcome in patients with ischaemic stroke and active cancer
Abstract Stroke risk is increased in cancer patients and cancer activity has been claimed to play a role in the development of ischaemic stroke (IS). We wanted to further test these assumptions and to explore the impact of such relation on short-term prognosis. We identified all IS patients that were admitted to the neurological department of our primary and tertiary care university hospital between 2008 and 2014 (n = 4918) and reviewed their medical records for an additional diagnosis of cancer. Cancer patients were categorized into those with “active cancer” (AC: recurrent malignant tumour, metastases, ong...
Source: Journal of Neurology - November 3, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In addition to a host of well characterized diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers and cardiovascular complications, epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic smokers are at equal risk to develop neurological and neurovascular complications such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, vascular dementia and small vessel ischemic disease (SVID). Unfortunately, few direct neurotoxicology studies of tobacco smoking and its pathogenic pathways have been produced so far. A major link between ...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - October 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Pooja NaikLuca Cucullo Source Type: research

Quality improvement and practice-based research in neurology using the electronic medical record
We describe quality improvement and practice-based research using the electronic medical record (EMR) in a community health system–based department of neurology. Our care transformation initiative targets 10 neurologic disorders (brain tumors, epilepsy, migraine, memory disorders, mild traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, and stroke) and brain health (risk assessments and interventions to prevent Alzheimer disease and related disorders in targeted populations). Our informatics methods include building and implementing structured clinical documentation supp...
Source: Nature Clinical Practice - October 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Maraganore, D. M., Frigerio, R., Kazmi, N., Meyers, S. L., Sefa, M., Walters, S. A., Silverstein, J. C. Tags: Eye on Practice Source Type: research

Management of Intracranial Pressure
Purpose of Review:: Intracranial pressure (ICP) can be elevated in traumatic brain injury, large artery acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial neoplasms, and diffuse cerebral disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, and acute hepatic failure. Raised ICP is also known as intracranial hypertension and is defined as a sustained ICP of greater than 20 mm Hg. Recent Findings:: ICP must be measured through an invasive brain catheter, typically an external ventricular catheter that can drain CSF and measure ICP, or through an intraparenchymal ICP probe. Proper recognition of the clinical signs of elevated...
Source: CONTINUUM - October 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Recurrent stroke in childhood cancer survivors
Conclusion: Survivors of childhood cancer, particularly those previously treated with high-dose cranial radiation, have a high risk of recurrent stroke for decades after a first stroke. Although these strokes are mostly occurring in young adulthood, hypertension, an established atherosclerotic risk factor, independently predicts recurrent stroke in this population.
Source: Neurology - September 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Fullerton, H. J., Stratton, K., Mueller, S., Leisenring, W. W., Armstrong, G. T., Weathers, R. E., Stovall, M., Sklar, C. A., Goldsby, R. E., Robison, L. L., Krull, K. R. Tags: Childhood stroke, Stroke in young adults, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Primary brain tumor ARTICLE Source Type: research

Inhibition of p53 attenuates ischemic stress-induced activation of astrocytes
This study shows that p53 is activated in astrocytes during ischemia and that inhibition of the activity of this molecule prevents not only OGD-induced neuronal and astrocytic death but also astrocyte activation and impaired glutamate uptake. These findings suggest that p53 may be a valuable therapeutic target in ischemic brain injury.
Source: NeuroReport - August 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research

Intravenous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Grafts Preferentially Migrate to Spleen and Abrogate Chronic Inflammation in Stroke Basic Sciences
Conclusions— hBMSC transplantation is therapeutic in chronic stroke possibly by abrogating the inflammation-plagued secondary cell death.
Source: Stroke - August 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Acosta, S. A., Tajiri, N., Hoover, J., Kaneko, Y., Borlongan, C. V. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Pathology of Stroke, Other Stroke Treatment - Surgical Basic Sciences Source Type: research