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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Recent Synergy of Nanodiamonds: Role in Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery for the Management of Neurological Disorders
AbstractThe aim of the present review article is to summarize the role of nanodiamonds in various neurological diseases. We have taken related literature of making this review article from ScienceDirect, springer, Research gate, PubMed, Sci-finder, etc. The current approaches for treating neurological conditions such as glioblastoma includes chemotherapy or combination anti-retro viral therapy for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or use of anti-Alzheimer drugs during cognitive impairment. These approaches can provide only symptomatic relief as they do not target the cause of the disease due to their inability to penetrat...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

From cryptogenic to ESUS: Toward precision medicine?
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2022 May 18:S0035-3787(22)00592-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.01.016. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCryptogenic infarctions are infarctions without a defined cause, despite a complete work-up. They differ from infarctions of undetermined causes, which may involve overlapping causes or an incomplete investigation. It is also different from uncommon heritable and non-heritable causes. The term embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) proposed in 2014 is defined as a non-lacunar brain infarct without proximal arterial stenosis or cardioembolic sources. The major advantage of this definition compared to...
Source: Revue Neurologique - May 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: S Timsit Source Type: research

Therapeutic effect of anti-HMGB1 antibody in a mouse model of 4-h middle cerebral artery occlusion: comparison with tissue plasminogen activator
Conclusion These results indicate that αHMGB1 antibody may be therapeutically efficient in the delayed phase of ischemia, where tPA treatment is no longer an eligible option. Treatment with an αHMGB1 antibody may be an effective therapeutic option in patients who exceed the tPA therapeutic time window.
Source: NeuroReport - April 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Source Type: research

Interleukin-1 Mediates Ischemic Brain Injury via Induction of IL-17A in γδ T Cells and CXCL1 in Astrocytes
AbstractAs a prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) exacerbates the early post-stroke inflammation, whereas its neutralization is protective. To further investigate the underlying cell-type-specific IL-1 effects, we subjected IL-1 ( α/β) knockout (Il1−/−) and wildtype (WT) littermate mice to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and assessed immune cell infiltration and cytokine production in the ischemic hemisphere by flow cytometry 24  h and 72 h after stroke.Il1−/− mice showed smaller infarcts and reduced neutrophil infiltration into the ischemic brain. We identified γδ T ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - April 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Phoenixin-20 ameliorates brain infarction by promoting microglia M2 polarization in an ischemic stroke model
In this study, we found that administration of Phoenixin-20 in ischemic stroke middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice significantly reduced the brain infarction area but improved the neurological deficit score. Gene expression analysis showed Phoenixin-20 treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory M1 phase microglial markers: a cluster of differentiation molecule 11b (CD11b), cluster of differentiation molecule 86 (CD86), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and increased anti-inflammatory M2 phase markers (found in Inflammatory Zone 1 (FIZZ1), Arginase 1 (Arg...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Therapeutic Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Post-stroke Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Pilot Study
ConclusionsHigh-frequency rTMS on the ipsilesional DLPFC may exert immediate efficacy on cognition with the anti-inflammatory response and changes in brain network in PSCI, lasting at least 3 months.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - March 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Is Selenium Supplementation Beneficial in Acute Ischemic Stroke?
This study proposed to investigate the effect of intravenous Se (Selenase) administration in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on neurological outcomes, antioxidant enzyme activity, and inflammatory marker levels. Methods: AIS patients (n=50) were recruited from a neurology unit of a university-affiliated hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Selenase or placebo (saline) for 5 days. The modified ranking scale, the national institute of health stroke scale, and the mini-mental state examination, as primary outcomes, and the serum GPx concentration, total antioxidant activity, and tumor n...
Source: The Neurologist - March 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effect of Goal-Directed Intraoperative Fluid Therapy on Duration of Hospital Stay and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Excision of Large Supratentorial Tumors
Conclusions: This study did not show any benefit of GDFT over conventional intraoperative fluid therapy in terms of incidence of postoperative complications, hospital and ICU stay, and Glasgow outcome scores at-discharge in patients undergoing craniotomy for excision of large supratentorial tumors. However, the use of GDFT leads to better perioperative fluid management and brain relaxation scores. Clinical Trial Registry: CTRI/2016/10/007350.
Source: Neurology India - February 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Nitasha Mishra Girija P Rath Parmod K Bithal Arvind Chaturvedi P Sarat Chandra Sachin A Borkar Source Type: research

Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma: A Rare Cause of Cardioembolic Stroke
Conclusion: We make the case for extensive workup for evaluation of posterior circulation strokes, including TEE, as well as timely resection of cardiac tumors.
Source: Neurology India - February 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Areeba Siddiqui Sameer Rehman Source Type: research

Clinical and Instrumental Characterization of Patients With Late-Onset Epilepsy
Epilepsy is classically considered a childhood disease. However, it represents the third most frequent neurological condition in the elderly, following stroke, and dementia. With the progressive aging of the general population, the number of patients with Late-Onset Epilepsy (LOE) is constantly growing, with important economic and social consequences, in particular for the more developed countries where the percentage of elderly people is higher. The most common causes of LOE are structural, mainly secondary to cerebrovascular or infectious diseases, brain tumors, trauma, and metabolic or toxic conditions. Moreover, there ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Timely and Appropriate Administration of Inhaled Argon Provides Better Outcomes for tMCAO Mice: A Controlled, Randomized, and Double-Blind Animal Study
ConclusionsTimely iAr administration during ischemia showed optimal neurological outcomes and minimal infarct volumes. Moreover, an appropriate duration of argon administration was important for better neuroprotective efficacy. These findings may provide vital guidance for using argon as a neuroprotective agent and moving to clinical trials in acute ischemic stroke.
Source: Neurocritical Care - February 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research