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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Adjuvant-induced mono-arthritis potentiates cerebral hemorrhage in the spontaneously hypertensive rats
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2016 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Amy Randell, Noriko Daneshtalab Aims Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have a higher incidence of hypertension and stroke than the normal population. Currently there exists no animal model to study the pathogenic interactions of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) subsequent to chronic inflammation and hypertension. We have created and defined a hypertensive-mono-arthritic animal model who demonstrate gross signs of cerebral hemorrhage in presence of mono-arthritis. Main methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed either a high s...
Source: Life Sciences - February 21, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Memantine mediates neuroprotection via regulating neurovascular unit in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia
Publication date: 1 April 2016 Source:Life Sciences, Volume 150 Author(s): Zheng-Zhen Chen, Dan-Dan Yang, Zhan Zhao, Hui Yan, Juan Ji, Xiu-Lan Sun Aims Memantine is a low-moderate affinity and uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, which is also a potential neuroprotectant in acute ischemic stroke for its particular action profiles. The present study was to reveal the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection of memantine. Main methods We used a mouse model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via middle cerebral artery occlusion to verify our hypothesis. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chlori...
Source: Life Sciences - March 3, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Juvenile Antarctic rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii, are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater RESEARCH ARTICLE
We examined cardiorespiratory physiology including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and ventilation, whole organism metabolism via oxygen consumption rate, and sub-organismal aerobic capacity by citrate synthase enzyme activity. Juvenile fish showed an increase in ventilation rate under High pCO2 compared to Ambient pCO2, while cardiac performance, oxygen consumption, and citrate synthase activity were not significantly affected by elevated pCO2. Acclimation time did have a significant effect on ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and citrate synthase activity, such that all metrics increased over the ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 4, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Davis, B. E., Miller, N. A., Flynn, E. E., Todgham, A. E. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater RESEARCH ARTICLE
We examined cardiorespiratory physiology, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and ventilation rate, whole organism metabolism via oxygen consumption rate and sub-organismal aerobic capacity by citrate synthase enzyme activity. Juvenile fish showed an increase in ventilation rate under high PCO2 compared with ambient PCO2, whereas cardiac performance, oxygen consumption and citrate synthase activity were not significantly affected by elevated PCO2. Acclimation time had a significant effect on ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and citrate synthase activity, such that all metrics increased o...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - April 20, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Davis, B. E., Miller, N. A., Flynn, E. E., Todgham, A. E. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

MicroRNA-150 regulates blood-brain barrier permeability via Tie-2 after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats Research
The mechanism of blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, involved in poststroke edema and hemorrhagic transformation, is important but elusive. We investigated microRNA-150 (miR-150)-mediated mechanism in the disruption of BBB after stroke in rats. We found that up-regulation of miR-150 increased permeability of BBB as detected by MRI after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo as well as increased permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The expression of claudin-5, a key tight junction protein, was decreased in the ischemic boundary zone after up-re...
Source: FASEB Journal - May 31, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Fang, Z., He, Q.-W., Li, Q., Chen, X.-L., Baral, S., Jin, H.-J., Zhu, Y.-Y., Li, M., Xia, Y.-P., Mao, L., Hu, B. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Design, synthesis, and negative inotropic evaluation of 4 ‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5(4H)‐one derivatives containing triazole or piperazine moieties
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Four novel series of 4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5(4H)‐one derivatives containing triazole or piperazine moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for negative inotropic activity. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated and a preliminary investigation of the mechanism of action of these compounds on the atrial dynamics was also conducted.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - July 28, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Zhi ‐Yu Wei, Bai‐Ri Cui, Xun Cui, Yan‐Ling Wu, Yang Fu, Li‐Ping Liu, Hu‐Ri Piao Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Flight mechanics and control of escape manoeuvres in hummingbirds I. Flight kinematics RESEARCH ARTICLE
Bo Cheng, Bret W. Tobalske, Donald R. Powers, Tyson L. Hedrick, Susan M. Wethington, George T. C. Chiu, and Xinyan Deng Hummingbirds are nature‘s masters of aerobatic manoeuvres. Previous research shows hummingbirds and insects converged evolutionarily upon similar aerodynamic mechanisms and kinematics in hovering. Herein, we use three-dimensional kinematic data to begin to test for similar convergence of kinematics used for escape flight and to explore the effects of body size upon manoeuvring. We studied four hummingbird species in North America including two large species (magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens,...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - September 4, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Cheng, B., Tobalske, B. W., Powers, D. R., Hedrick, T. L., Wethington, S. M., Chiu, G. T. C., Deng, X. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Structure of the thoracic spiracular valves and their contribution to the unidirectional gas exchange in flying blowflies Calliphora vicina RESEARCH ARTICLE
Lutz T. Wasserthal and Anja S. Fröhlich The operation of the thoracic spiracular valves was analysed using anatomical and physiological techniques. Dense spiracular filter trichomes impede a diffusive gas exchange. However, the hinged posterior filter flap of the metathoracic spiracle (Sp2) opens passively during upstroke of the wings and closes by the suction of the sub-atmospheric tracheal pressure during the down stroke, which supports a unidirectional respiratory airflow. The action of the interior spiracular valve lids was recorded by photocell-sensors oriented above the enlarged spiracles and projected onto t...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - November 2, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Wasserthal, L. T., Fröhlich, A. S. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Flight mechanics and control of escape manoeuvres in hummingbirds. I. Flight kinematics RESEARCH ARTICLE
Bo Cheng, Bret W. Tobalske, Donald R. Powers, Tyson L. Hedrick, Susan M. Wethington, George T. C. Chiu, and Xinyan Deng Hummingbirds are nature's masters of aerobatic manoeuvres. Previous research shows that hummingbirds and insects converged evolutionarily upon similar aerodynamic mechanisms and kinematics in hovering. Herein, we use three-dimensional kinematic data to begin to test for similar convergence of kinematics used for escape flight and to explore the effects of body size upon manoeuvring. We studied four hummingbird species in North America including two large species (magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens,...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - November 15, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Cheng, B., Tobalske, B. W., Powers, D. R., Hedrick, T. L., Wethington, S. M., Chiu, G. T. C., Deng, X. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ischemic brain injury: new insights on the protective role of melatonin.
Abstract Stroke represents one of the most common causes of brain's vulnerability for many millions of people worldwide. The plethora of physiopathological events associated with brain ischemia are regulate through multiple signaling pathways leading to the activation of oxidative stress process, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, proinflammatory mediators, excitotoxicity and/or programmed neuronal cell death. Understanding this cascade of molecular events is mandatory in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for stroke. In this review article, we have highlighted the pleiotropic effects of mela...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 4, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Ramos E, Patiño P, Reiter RJ, Gil-Martín E, Marco-Contelles J, Parada E, Los Rios C, Romero A, Egea J Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Scientists discover urinary biomarker that may help track ALS
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) A study in Neurology suggests that analyzing levels of the protein p75ECD in urine samples from people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may help monitor disease progression as well as determine the effectiveness of therapies. The study was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), both part of the National Institutes of Health.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - March 22, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Study finds worsening outcomes in service members five years after mild blast-induced concussion
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) According to a new study in JAMA Neurology, US military service members who endured a mild concussion after blast injury while deployed in Iraq or Afghanistan may continue to experience mental health symptoms as well as decreases in quality of life for at least five years after their injury. The study was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Department of Defense. NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - May 10, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: news

N-acetylcysteine attenuates systemic platelet activation and cerebral vessel thrombosis in diabetes
Conclusion Collectively, these results show that the diabetic blood and brain become progressively more susceptible to platelet activation and thrombosis. NAC, given after the establishment of diabetes, may offer protection against the risk for stroke by altering both systemic and vascular prothrombotic responses via enhancing platelet GSH, and GSH-dependent MG elimination, as well as correcting levels of antioxidants such as SOD1 and GPx-1. Graphical abstract
Source: Redox Biology - September 28, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sabine L. Lague, Beverly Chua, Luis Alza, Graham R. Scott, Peter B. Frappell, Yang Zhong, Anthony P. Farrell, Kevin G. McCracken, Yuxiang Wang, and William K. Milsom Many high-altitude vertebrates have evolved increased capacities in their oxygen transport cascade (ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, circulation and tissue diffusion), enhancing oxygen transfer from the atmosphere to mitochondria. However, the extent of interspecies variation in the control processes that dictate hypoxia responses remains largely unknown. We compared the metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory responses to progressive decreases in inspired...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - November 15, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Lague, S. L., Chua, B., Alza, L., Scott, G. R., Frappell, P. B., Zhong, Y., Farrell, A. P., McCracken, K. G., Wang, Y., Milsom, W. K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research