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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

Advances in Astrocyte-targeted Approaches for Stroke Therapy: An Emerging Role for Mitochondria and microRNAS.
Abstract Astrocytes are critical regulators of neuronal function and an effective target for stroke therapy in animal models. Identifying individual targets with the potential for simultaneous activation of multiple downstream pathways that regulate astrocyte homeostasis may be a necessary element for successful clinical translation. Mitochondria and microRNAs each represent individual targets with multi-modal therapeutic potential. Mitochondria regulate metabolism and apoptosis, while microRNAs have the capacity to bind and inhibit numerous mRNAs. By combining strategies targeted at maintaining astrocyte function...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 4, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stary CM, Giffard RG Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Photothrombotic Stroke Induces Persistent Ipsilateral and Contralateral Astrogliosis in Key Cognitive Control Nuclei.
Abstract While astrocytes are recognised to play a central role in repair processes following stroke, at this stage we do not have a clear understanding of how these cells are engaged during the chronic recovery phase. Accordingly, the principal aim of this study was to undertake a quantitative multi-regional investigation of astrocytes throughout the recovery process. Specifically, we have induced experimental vascular occlusion using cold-light photothrombotic occlusion of the somatosensory/motor cortex in adult male C57B6 mice. Four weeks following occlusion we collected, processed, and immunolabelled tissue us...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 11, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Patience MJ, Zouikr I, Jones K, Clarkson AN, Isgaard J, Johnson SJ, Walker FR, Nilsson M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Critical Evaluation of the Changes in Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Models of Cerebral Stroke.
Abstract The following article addresses some seemingly paradoxical observations concerning cerebral glutamine synthetase in ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the brain, this enzyme is predominantly found in astrocytes and catalyzes part of the glutamine-glutamate cycle. Glutamine synthetase is also thought to be especially sensitive to inactivation by the oxygen- and nitrogen-centered radicals generated during strokes. Despite this apparent sensitivity, glutamine synthetase specific activity is elevated in the affected tissues during reperfusion. Given the central role of the glutamine-glutamate cycle in the brain...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jeitner TM, Battaile K, Cooper AJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Protective Effect of Aliskiren in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Up-Regulated p-PI3K, p-AKT, Bcl-2 Expression, Attenuated Bax Expression.
This study aimed to investigate the role of ALK and its potential mechanism in cerebral ischemia. C57/BL6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and treated for 5 days with Vehicle or ALK (10 or 25 mg/kg per day via intragastric administration), whereas Sham-operated animals served as controls. Treatment with ALK significantly improved neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain water content and Nissl bodies after stroke (P < 0.05), which did not affect systemic blood pressure. Furthermore, the protection of ALK was also related to decreased levels of apoptosis in mice by enhance...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miao J, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhu C, Cui L, Ji H, Liu Y, Wang X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Pre-stroke Metformin Treatment is Neuroprotective Involving AMPK Reduction.
Abstract Long-term metformin treatment reduces the risk of stroke. However, the effective administration pattern and indications of metformin on acute cerebral ischemia are unclear. To investigate the neuroprotective treatment duration and dosage of metformin on focal ischemia mice and the association of neuroprotection with 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulations, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and metformin of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 1, 3 or 7 days prior to MCAO, or at the onset, or 1, 3...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deng T, Zheng YR, Hou WW, Yuan Y, Shen Z, Wu XL, Chen Y, Zhang LS, Hu WW, Chen Z, Zhang XN Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

L-PGDS Mediates Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Induced Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke by Suppressing the Apoptotic Response.
This study investigated the role of L-PGDS in cerebral I/R and whether this process was involved in the mechanism of VNS-mediated neuroprotection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a lentiviral vector (LV) through intracerebroventricular injection, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and VNS treatment. The expression of L-PGDS in the peri-infarct cortex was examined. The localization of L-PGDS was determined using double immunofluorescence staining. Neurologic scores, infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated at 24 h after reperfusion. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules wa...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang L, Ma J, Jin X, Jia G, Jiang Y, Li C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Anticonvulsant Screening Program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH: History and Contributions to Clinical Care in the Twentieth Century and Beyond.
Abstract The anticonvulsant screening program (ASP) of the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health has made substantial contributions to the drug armamentarium of the clinical neurologist. This program, originally a part of the overall Drug Development Program of the Epilepsy Branch, has been fortunate to have talented leadership, both at NINDS in Maryland and at the major contract site, the University of Utah-over a remarkable period of more than 40 years. Future discoveries by the ASP (now renamed the Epilepsy Therapy Screening) can be expected to make addit...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Porter RJ, Kupferberg HJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP).
Abstract For over 40 years, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health-funded Anticonvulsant Screening Program has provided a preclinical screening service for participants world-wide that helped identify/characterize new antiseizure compounds, a number of which advanced to the market for the treatment of epilepsy. The newly-renamed Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) has a refocused mission to identify novel agents which will help address the considerable remaining unmet medical needs in epilepsy. These include identifying antiseizure agents for treatment-resis...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 2, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kehne JH, Klein BD, Raeissi S, Sharma S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

ALDH2 Protects Against Ischemic Stroke in Rats by Facilitating 4-HNE Clearance and AQP4 Down-Regulation.
In conclusion, increasing ALDH2 activity can improve brain edema, infarct volumes, and reduce neurological impairment in a rat IS model. The therapeutic benefits of ALDH2 are related to 4-HNE clearance and AQP4 down-regulation. PMID: 29767275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li Y, Liu SL, Qi SH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Knockdown of RMST Impedes Neuronal Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in OGD/R-Induced Ischemic Stroke Via Depending on the miR-377/SEMA3A Signal Network.
Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have pivotal roles in regulating ischemic stroke (IS), including lncRNA rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST). The purpose of this report is to discover the functional mechanism of RMST. The expression detection of RMST, microRNA-377 (miR-377) and Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in N2a cells was used to mimic IS environment in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were implemented to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Oxidative st...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao L, Zhang M, Yan F, Cong Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of Paired Associative Stimulation on Metabolites in Ischemia Stroke Rats Model as Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum
In this study, we employed a comprehensive battery of measurements, including behavioral test, electrophysiology and 1H-NMR approaches, to investigate the therapeutic effects of PAS in rat model of cerebral ischemia and its underlying mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion group (tMCAO group), a tMCAO + PAS group (PAS group), and a sham group. PAS was applied over 7 consecutive days in PAS group. The behavioral function of rats was evaluated by modified Garcia Scores and Rota-rod test. Electrophysiological changes were measured by motor evoked potentials (MEP). Metabolic cha...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 7, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yan Hu Jinfeng Wu Xiangyu Zhang Jun Tian Yinshan Lu Tiecheng Guo Source Type: research

Ginkgetin Promotes M2 Polarization of Microglia and Exert Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke via Modulation of PPAR γ Pathway
This study aims to explore the regulatory effects of ginkgetin on microglia polarization in brain ischemia. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) cellular model and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model was used in this study. We first observed the dynamic process of microglia polarization in ischemic stroke, and then investigated the effect of ginkgetin treatment on microglia polarization. Finally, we studied the role of PPARγ signaling pathway and the blocking effect of PPARγ antagonist GW9662 in this process. OGD and cerebral ischemia polarized microglia mainly to M1 type. However, ginkgetin treatment conver...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 20, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tianchi Tang Xiongwei Wang Enbo Qi Shiting Li Hui Sun Source Type: research