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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

ERK 1/2 Activation Mediates the Neuroprotective Effect of BpV(pic) in Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
This study suggests that the effect of bpV(pic) on ERK 1/2 signaling should be considered while using bpV(pic) as a PTEN inhibitor. PMID: 29882124 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 7, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu R, Tang JC, Pan MX, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Zhao D, Lei Y, Lei RX, Wang S, Liu AC, Qin XP, Chen J, Zhang ZF, Wan Q Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

NCAM Mimetic Peptides: Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurological Disorders.
Abstract The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system via homophilic (NCAM-NCAM) and heterophilic (NCAM-other molecules) interactions. Many synthetic peptides have been engineered to mimic these interactions and induce NCAM-downstream signaling pathways. Such NCAM mimetics have displayed neuritogenic and neuroprotective properties, as well as synaptic modulation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have been used successfully in preclinical studies to treat neurological disorders including stroke, traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's di...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 12, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chu C, Gao Y, Lan X, Thomas A, Li S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Tissue Plasminogen Activator Causes Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury After Oxygen Glucose Deprivation by Inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog Signaling.
Abstract The thrombolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has undisputed benefits. However, the documented neurotoxicity of tPA raises important issues. Currently, common treatments for stroke might not be optimum if exogenous tPA can pass through the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, thus adding to the deleterious effects of tPA within the cerebral parenchyma. Here, we determined whether tPA could damage brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) during cerebral ischemia. We showed that treatment of BMECs with tPA decreased trans-endothelial electrical resistance and cell proliferation, a...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 14, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gong P, Li M, Zou C, Tian Q, Xu Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

MicroRNAs and Regeneration in Animal Models of CNS Disorders.
Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are recently identified small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and significantly influence the essential cellular processes associated with CNS repair after trauma and neuropathological conditions including stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. A number of specific miRNAs are implicated in regulating the development and propagation of CNS injury, as well as its subsequent regeneration. The review focuses on the functions of the miRNAs and their role in brain recovery following CNS damage. The article introduces a brief description of miRNA biogenesis and mechanisms of miRNA...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 14, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Roitbak T Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

AdipoRon Protects Against Secondary Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Possible Involvement of AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC1 α Pathway.
This study first showed that activation of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) by AdipoRon could attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction after ICH. In vivo, experimental ICH model was established by autologous blood injection in mice. AdipoRon was injected intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence staining were performed to explicit the location of AdipoR1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1a (PGC1α). The PI staining was used to quantify neuronal survival. The expression of AdipoR1 and its downstream signaling molecules were detected by Western blotting. In...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yu J, Zheng J, Lu J, Sun Z, Wang Z, Zhang J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Intrinsic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Cortical Neurons.
This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on rat cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and to elucidate the corresponding mechanisms. Primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to OGD/R, which is commonly used in vitro to mimic ischemic injury, and then treated with 5- or 20-nm Au-NPs. We then evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial respiration in these neurons. We found that 20-nm Au-NPs increased cell viability, alleviated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial respiration after OGD...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 14, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zheng Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Guo Z, Bai T, Zhou P, Wu J, Yang Q, Liu Z, Lu X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

MicroRNA-26b/PTEN Signaling Pathway Mediates Glycine-Induced Neuroprotection in SAH Injury.
In this study, we show that glycine can reduce brain edema and protect neurons in SAH via a novel pathway. Following a hemorrhagic episode, there is evidence of downregulation of S473 phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT), and this can be reversed with glycine treatment. We also found that administration of glycine can reduce neuronal cell death in SAH by activating the AKT pathway. Glycine was shown to upregulate miRNA-26b, which led to PTEN downregulation followed by AKT activation, resulting in inhibition of neuronal death. Inhibition of miRNA-26b, PTEN or AKT activation suppressed the neuroprotective effects of glycine. Glyci...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Qin X, Akter F, Qin L, Xie Q, Liao X, Liu R, Wu X, Cheng N, Shao L, Xiong X, Liu R, Wan Q, Wu S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Bexarotene Attenuates Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the Suppression of JNK/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway.
In conclusion, bexarotene markedly alleviates the neurological deficits, improves the histological outcome, and inhibits cell apoptosis in mice after t-MCAO. This effect is mediated, at least in part, by up-regulation of APOE. Thus, bexarotene may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients. PMID: 31680194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 2, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu H, Liu S, Tian X, Wang Q, Rao J, Wang Y, Xiang F, Zheng H, Xu L, Dong Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Involvement of PARP-1/AIF Signaling Pathway in Protective Effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis.
Abstract Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)/apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis is one of the non-caspase-dependent cell death programs that are widely present in neurological diseases such as stroke. In our study, we aimed to conduct further research on the effects of Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) on the PARP-1/AIF signaling pathway in cell apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The results showed that GLGZD administration for 7 days si...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 1, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nan L, Xie Q, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li H, Lai W, Chen Y, Huang M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Large-Scale Automated Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor Expansion of Umbilical Cord-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders.
Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders present a broad group of neurological diseases and remain one of the greatest challenges and burdens to mankind. Maladies like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke or spinal cord injury commonly features astroglia involvement (astrogliosis) with signs of inflammation. Regenerative, paracrine and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could target the above components, thus opening new therapeutic possibilities for regenerative medicine. A special interest should be given to hMSCs derived from the umbilical cord (UC) tissue, ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Vymetalova L, Kucirkova T, Knopfova L, Pospisilova V, Kasko T, Lejdarova H, Makaturova E, Kuglik P, Oralova V, Matalova E, Benes P, Koristek Z, Forostyak S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

lncRNA ANRIL Ameliorates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Induced Injury in Neuron Cells via miR-199a-5p/CAV-1 Axis.
In this study, we aim to explore the mechanism by which ANRIL exhibits protective effect. Middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse models were applied and infarction areas were assessed by TTC assay. The expression of ANRIL and miR-199a-5p were determined by qPCR. Oxygen and glucose deprivation treatment was applied to mimic in vitro ischemia injury in N-2a cells. The levels of BCL-2, BAX, MEK, ERK, CAV-1 were determined by western blot. Cell viability were assessed by MTT assay. The direct interaction among miR-199a-5p and ANRIL, miR-199a-5p and CAV-1 were demonstrated by dual Luciferase report assay. ANRIL and miR-199a-5p ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 5, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhong W, Li YC, Huang QY, Tang XQ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Extrinsic Factors Driving Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cell Progression in CNS Development and Injury.
Abstract Oligodendrocytes (OLs) generate myelin membranes for the rapid propagation of electrical signals along axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and provide metabolites to support axonal integrity and function. Differentiation of OLs from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is orchestrated by a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the CNS. Disruption of this process, or OL loss in the developing or adult brain, as observed in various neurological conditions including hypoxia/ischemia, stroke, and demyelination, results in axonal dystrophy, neuronal dysfunction, and severe neurological impai...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 28, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Baydyuk M, Morrison VE, Gross PS, Huang JK Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Glutamate Transporters and Mitochondria: Signaling, Co-compartmentalization, Functional Coupling, and Future Directions.
Abstract In addition to being an amino acid that is incorporated into proteins, glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, the precursor for the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, and one metabolic step from the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. Extracellular glutamate is cleared by a family of Na+-dependent transporters. These transporters are variably expressed by all cell types in the nervous system, but the bulk of clearance is into astrocytes. GLT-1 and GLAST (also called EAAT2 and EAAT1) mediate this activity and are extremely abundant proteins ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 29, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Robinson MB, Lee ML, DaSilva S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of Peroxiredoxin 2 in Neurological Disorders: A Review of its Molecular Mechanisms.
Abstract Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are closely related to the pathological processes of neurological disorders. Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) is an abundant antioxidant enzyme in the central nervous system. Prdx2 reduces the production of reactive oxygen species and participates in regulating various signaling pathways in neurons by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thereby protecting neurons against oxidative stress and an inflammatory injury. However, the spillage of Prdx2, as damage-associated molecular patterns, accelerates brain damage after stroke by activating an inflammatory response. The post-tr...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 29, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu J, Su G, Gao J, Tian Y, Liu X, Zhang Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Inhibitors of Myelination and Remyelination, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, are Upregulated in Human Neurological Disease.
Abstract During demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis and stroke, myelin is destroyed and along with it, the oligodendrocytes that synthesize the myelin. Thus, recovery is limited due to both interruptions in neuronal transmission as well as lack of support for neurons. Although oligodendrocyte progenitor cells remain abundant in the central nervous system, they rarely mature and form new functional myelin in the diseased CNS. In cell culture and in experimental models of demyelinating disease, inhibitory signaling factors decrease myelination and remyelination. One of the most potent of these are the b...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 5, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Grinspan JB Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research