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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

Effect of Physical and Social Components of Enriched Environment on Astrocytes Proliferation in Rats After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
Abstract Treatment of enriched environment (EE) exerts neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, how the component of EE contributes to the functional recovery after brain ischemia remains unclear. Here we examined the effect of physical and social components of EE on poststroke astrocytes proliferation using an animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Rats were divided into five groups: physical enrichment group (PE), social enrichment group (SE), physical and social enrichment group (PSE), ischemia + standard group (IS) and sham-ope...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 11, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen X, Zhang X, Liao W, Wan Q Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of Neural Stem Cell and Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Co-transplants on Tissue Remodelling After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Adult Rat.
In this study, we address this challenge by testing whether co-grafting of NSCs with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a special type of glia with proven neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic effects, can promote graft survival and host tissue remodelling. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in adult rats by a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by reperfusion. Ischemic lesions were verified by neurological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. Transplantation into the globus pallidus of NSCs alone or in combination with OECs was performed at two weeks post-MCAo, followed by hi...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 23, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Augestad IL, Nyman AK, Costa AI, Barnett SC, Sandvig A, Håberg AK, Sandvig I Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Isoflurane Postconditioning Inhibits tPA-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation After Hypoxic Injury via Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway.
Abstract Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only recommended pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA can induce intracerebral hemorrhage by blood-brain barrier breakdown through an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously, we showed that isoflurane postconditioning reduced intracranial hemorrhage following tPA treatment after cerebral ischemia. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in brain endothelial cells. Mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 15, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kim SY, Cheon SY, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kam EH, Kim JM, Park M, Koo BN Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Validation of a Preclinical Drug Screening Platform for Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy.
Abstract The successful identification of promising investigational therapies for the treatment of epilepsy can be credited to the use of numerous animal models of seizure and epilepsy for over 80 years. In this time, the maximal electroshock test in mice and rats, the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol test in mice and rats, and more recently the 6 Hz assay in mice, have been utilized as primary models of electrically or chemically-evoked seizures in neurologically intact rodents. In addition, rodent kindling models, in which chronic network hyperexcitability has developed, have been used to identify new agents. It...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 15, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Barker-Haliski ML, Johnson K, Billingsley P, Huff J, Handy LJ, Khaleel R, Lu Z, Mau MJ, Pruess TH, Rueda C, Saunders G, Underwood TK, Vanegas F, Smith MD, West PJ, Wilcox KS Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

14-3-3 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NF κB Signaling in the Brain After Ischemia-Reperfusion.
14-3-3 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NFκB Signaling in the Brain After Ischemia-Reperfusion. Neurochem Res. 2017 Apr 19;: Authors: Zhou XY, Hu DX, Chen RQ, Chen XQ, Dong WL, Yi CL Abstract Mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms exist predominantly in the brain and are heavily involved in neurological diseases. However, the isoform-specific role of 14-3-3 proteins in the brain remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the role of 14-3-3 isoforms in rat brains after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. 14-3-3β, η, γ and ζ but not ε or τ were selectively upregulated in cerebral c...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhou XY, Hu DX, Chen RQ, Chen XQ, Dong WL, Yi CL Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Leukocentric Theory of Neurological Disorder: A Manifesto.
Abstract Approximately half of the human brain is composed of white matter (WM), a specialized tissue housing the axonal projection of neurons and their necessary supporting glial cells. Axons course long distances from their parent soma, have a delicate structure, large surface area and in many cases are dependent upon a uniquely close morphological arrangement with myelinating oligodendrocyte partners; all factors that may predispose them to injury and disease. WM damage is central to a range of well-characterized disorders including multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury and is also makes a significant contr...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fern R Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Evaluation of Cannabidiol in Animal Seizure Models by the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP).
Abstract Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid component of marijuana that has no significant activity at cannabinoid receptors or psychoactive effects. There is considerable interest in CBD as a therapy for epilepsy. Almost a third of epilepsy patients are not adequately controlled by clinically available anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). Initial studies appear to demonstrate that CBD preparations may be a useful treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) funded Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) investigated CBD in a battery of seizure models using ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Klein BD, Jacobson CA, Metcalf CS, Smith MD, Wilcox KS, Hampson AJ, Kehne JH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Microglial Interferon Signaling and White Matter.
Abstract Microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, are primary regulators of the neuroimmune response to injury. Type I interferons (IFNs), including the IFNαs and IFNβ, are key cytokines in the innate immune system. Their activity is implicated in the regulation of microglial function both during development and in response to neuroinflammation, ischemia, and neurodegeneration. Data from numerous studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke suggest that type I IFNs can modulate the microglial phenotype, influence the overall neuroimmune milieu, regulate phagocytosis, and affect blood-brain barrier integ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: McDonough A, Lee RV, Weinstein JR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Determination of Brain-Regional Blood Perfusion and Endogenous cPKC γ Impact on Ischemic Vulnerability of Mice with Global Ischemia.
In this study, the bilateral ICAO (BICAO) model was applied in cPKCγ wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice to determine the cPKCγ impact on brain-regional ischemic vulnerability. The arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging results showed that 7 days BICAO-induced global ischemia could cause significant blood perfusion loss in prefrontal cortex (69.13%), striatum (61.69%), hypothalamus (67.36%), hippocampus (69.82%) and midbrain (40.53%) of WT mice, along with neurological deficits. Nissl staining and Western blot results indicated that hypothalamus and midbrain had more severe neural cell loss than prefrontal cortex, stria...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu S, Dai Q, Hua R, Liu T, Han S, Li S, Li J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Metformin Attenuates Neurological Deficit after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Rats.
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can lead to brain damage and even death, and there is lack of effective therapeutic methods for treating ICH. Although recent studies have focused on the administration of metformin in treating stroke, there is no literature to support whether it can be used to treat ICH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of metformin on ICH and the underlying mechanisms of those effects. An ICH model was established in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, ICH group, and ICH+metformin group. The neurobeh...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 29, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Qi B, Hu L, Zhu L, Shang L, Wang X, Liu N, Wen N, Hong Y, Fang D Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Purine Salvage Pathway and the Restoration of Cerebral ATP: Implications for Brain Slice Physiology and Brain Injury.
Abstract Brain slices have been the workhorse for many neuroscience labs since the pioneering work of Henry McIlwain in the 1950s. Their utility is undisputed and their acceptance as appropriate models for the central nervous system is widespread, if not universal. However, the skeleton in the closet is that ATP levels in brain slices are lower than those found in vivo, which may have important implications for cellular physiology and plasticity. Far from this being a disadvantage, the ATP-impoverished slice can serve as a useful and experimentally-tractable surrogate for the injured brain, which experiences simil...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 24, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Frenguelli BG Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Estrogen Receptor β Mediated Neuroprotective Efficacy of Cicer microphyllum Seed Extract in Global Hypoxia.
Abstract Hypoxia induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus has been implicated for memory impairment in conditions like stroke, ischemia and hypobaric hypoxia. The present study, aimed at investigating the potential of ethanolic extract of Cicer microphyllum seeds (CSE) for amelioration of global hypoxia induced neurodegeneration in CA1 region of hippocampus. CSE supplementation considerably reduced neurodegeneration and dendritic atrophy in CA1 neurons along with improvement of memory in hypoxic rats. This effect of CSE was partly attributed to its antioxidant activity resulting in reducti...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sharma D, Biswal SN, Kumar K, Bhardwaj P, Barhwal KK, Kumar A, Hota SK, Chaurasia OP Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Investigation of Mature BDNF and proBDNF Signaling in a Rat Photothrombotic Ischemic Model.
Abstract Treatment with mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) promotes functional recovery after ischemia in animal trials but the possible role of its precursor protein proBDNF and its receptors or the factors responsible for the conversion of proBDNF to mBDNF in ischemic stroke are not known. The main aim of this study was to characterize the time-dependent expression of genes and/or proteins related to BDNF processing and signaling after ischemia as well as the sensorimotor behavioral dysfunction in a photothrombotic ischemic model in rats. Characterization of different genes and proteins related to ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 12, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rahman M, Luo H, Sims NR, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Impact of Coffee and Cacao Purine Metabolites on Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease.
Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that regular consumption of coffee, tea and dark chocolate (cacao) can promote brain health and may reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, the complex array of phytochemicals in coffee and cacao beans and tea leaves has hindered a clear understanding of the component(s) that affect neuronal plasticity and resilience. One class of phytochemicals present in relatively high amounts in coffee, tea and cacao are methylxanthines. Among such methylxanthines, caffeine has been the most widely studied and has clear effects on neuronal network activity, pro...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Camandola S, Plick N, Mattson MP Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine Administration on In Vivo Cortical Focal Ischemia in Female and Male Wistar Rats.
Abstract Guanosine (GUO) has neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain diseases involving glutamatergic excitotoxicity in male animals; however, its effects in female animals are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the influence of gender and GUO treatment in adult male and female Wistar rats submitted to focal permanent cerebral ischemia in the motor cortex brain. Female rats were subdivided into non-estrogenic and estrogenic phase groups by estrous cycle verification. Immediately after surgeries, the ischemic animals were treated with GUO or a saline solution. Open field and elevated plus maze...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 31, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Teixeira LV, Almeida RF, Rohden F, Martins LAM, Spritzer PM, de Souza DOG Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research