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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

Daphnetin, a Natural Coumarin Derivative, Provides the Neuroprotection Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Cells and Ischemic Brain Injury.
In this study, we found that DAP treatment (i.c.v.) reduced the infarct volume at 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion injury and improved neurological behaviors in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. Moreover, we provided evidences that DAP had protective effects on infarct volume in neonate rats even it was administrated at 4 h after cerebral hypoxia/ischemia injury. To explore its neuroprotective mechanisms of DAP, we examined the protection of DAP on glutamate toxicity-induced cell death in hippocampal HT-22 cells. Our results demonstrated that DAP protected against glutamate toxicity in HT-22 cells in a conce...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 17, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Du G, Tu H, Li X, Pei A, Chen J, Miao Z, Li J, Wang C, Xie H, Xu X, Zhao H Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Impact of Carotid Atherosclerosis Combined with Hypercholesterolemia on Cerebral Microvessels and Brain Parenchyma in a New Complex Rat Model.
The objective of this study was to develop a new model of hypercholesterolemia plus carotid injury and to investigate the impact of carotid atherosclerosis combined with hypercholesterolemia in the rat brain. The complex rat model was developed by carotid injury induced by an air-drying endothelial denudation method after high cholesterol diet for 2 weeks. Plasma cholesterol, carotid pathomorphology, oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral microvessels and brain parenchyma were measured at 7, 14 and 28 days after carotid surgery. The results showed that plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lip...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 29, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang L, Ya B, Yang P, Sun F, Zhang L, Li Y, Li L Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Phenanthrolines Protect Astrocytes from Hemin Without Chelating Iron.
Abstract Hemin, the degradation product of hemoglobin, contributes to the neurodegeneration that occurs in the weeks following a hemorrhagic stroke. The breakdown of hemin in cells releases redox-active iron that can facilitate the production of toxic hydroxyl radicals. The present study used 3-week old primary cultures of mouse astrocytes to compare the toxicity of 33 μM hemin in the presence of the iron chelator 1,10-phenanthroline or its non-chelating analogue, 4,7-phenanthroline. This concentration of hemin killed approximately 75 % of astrocytes within 24 h. Both isoforms of phenanthroline significantly d...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 17, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Owen JE, Bishop GM, Robinson SR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Tanshinone I in Neuroprotection Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Gerbil Hippocampus.
In conclusion, these findings indicate that the pre-treatment with TsI can protect against ischemia-induced neuronal death in the CA1 via the increase or maintenance of endogenous inflammatory cytokines, and exogenous IL-4 does not protect against ischemic damage. PMID: 24760430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 24, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Park JH, Park OK, Cho JH, Chen BH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Yan BC, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Kwon SH, Lee YL, Won MH, Choi JH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Serum S100β is a Better Biomarker than Neuron-Specific Enolase for Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Determining Its Prognosis: A Prospective and Observational Study.
Abstract S100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are brain injury biomarkers, mainly used in brain trauma, cerebral stroke and hypoxic ischemia encephalopathy. The aim of this study was to study the clinical significance of serum S100β and NSE in diagnosing sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and predicting its prognosis. This was a prospective and observational study. Clinical data of septic patients were collected within 24 h after ICU admission from May 2012 to April 2013. We evaluated the level of consciousness twice per day. SAE was defined as cerebral dysfunction in the presence of sepsis that fulfille...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 24, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yao B, Zhang LN, Ai YH, Liu ZY, Huang L Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Oxidative Stress via Nrf2/ARE Signaling.
This study was conducted to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of EGCG and the possible role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in the putative neuroprotection against experimental stroke in rats. The results revealed that EGCG exhibit significant neuroprotection, as evidenced by reduced infarction size and the decrease in transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive neurons. Furthermore, EGCG also enhanced levels of Nrf2 and its downstream ARE pathway genes such as heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit and glutamate-cy...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 3, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Han J, Wang M, Jing X, Shi H, Ren M, Lou H Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

σ-1 Receptor Inhibition of ASIC1a Channels is Dependent on a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive G-Protein and an AKAP150/Calcineurin Complex.
Abstract ASIC1a channels play a major role in various pathophysiological conditions including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and neurodegeneration following ischemic stroke. Sigma-1 (σ-1) receptor stimulation depresses the activity of ASIC1a channels in cortical neurons, but the mechanism(s) by which σ-1 receptors exert their influence on ASIC1a remains unknown. Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the signaling cascade linking σ-1 receptors to ASIC1a channels. Immunohistochemical studies showed that σ-1 receptors, ASIC1a and A-kinase anchoring peptide 150 colocalize in the plasma membrane of the cell body...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mari Y, Katnik C, Cuevas J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Pretreatment by Evodiamine is Neuroprotective in Cerebral Ischemia: Up-Regulated pAkt, pGSK3β, Down-Regulated NF-κB Expression, and Ameliorated BBB Permeability.
Abstract Inflammatory damage plays an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. Evodiamine (Evo) has been proved to elicit a variety of biological effects through its anti-inflammatory property in the treatment of infectious disease, Alzheimer's disease and hypoxia-induced inflammatory response. Whether this protective effect applies to cerebral ischemic injury, we therefore investigated the potential neuroprotective role of Evo and the underlying mechanisms. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 12, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Bai X, Zhang J, Zhao X, Chen L, Wang L, Cui L Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effects of β-Myrcene Following Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Mediated Oxidative and Neuronal Damage in a C57BL/J6 Mouse.
In conclusion, MYR may be useful for the attenuation of the negative effects of global cerebral I/R and, in the future, may be a viable and safe alternative treatment for ischemic stroke in humans. PMID: 24972849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 28, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ciftci O, Oztanir MN, Cetin A Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Linolenic Acid Provides Multi-cellular Protective Effects After Photothrombotic Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.
In this study, using a rat photochemical brain ischemia model, we investigated the effects of LIN on the protein abundance of astrocytic glutamate transporter and AQP4, microglia activation, cell apoptosis and behavioral recovery following ischemia. Administration of LIN rescued the protein abundance of astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1, decreased the protein abundance of AQP4 and brain edema, inhibited microglia activation, attenuated cell apoptosis and improved behavioral function recovery. Meanwhile, TREK-1 was widely distributed in the cortex and hippocampus, primarily localized in astrocytes and neurons. LIN coul...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 26, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liu Y, Sun Q, Chen X, Jing L, Wang W, Yu Z, Zhang G, Xie M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The GABAA Antagonist DPP-4-PIOL Selectively Antagonises Tonic over Phasic GABAergic Currents in Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells.
Abstract GABAA receptors mediate two different types of inhibitory currents: phasic inhibitory currents when rapid and brief presynaptic GABA release activates postsynaptic GABAA receptors and tonic inhibitory currents generated by low extrasynaptic GABA levels, persistently activating extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. The two inhibitory current types are mediated by different subpopulations of GABAA receptors with diverse pharmacological profiles. Selective antagonism of tonic currents is of special interest as excessive tonic inhibition post-stroke has severe pathological consequences. Here we demonstrate that phas...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 8, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Boddum K, Frølund B, Kristiansen U Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Osthole, a Natural Coumarin Improves Cognitive Impairments and BBB Dysfunction After Transient Global Brain Ischemia in C57 BL/6J Mice: Involvement of Nrf2 Pathway.
In conclusion, our findings indicated that osthole exerts neuroprotective effects against global cerebral ischemia injury by reducing oxidative stress injury and reserving the disruption of BBB, which may be attributed to elevating the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. PMID: 25424966 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 26, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen Z, Mao X, Liu A, Gao X, Chen X, Ye M, Ye J, Liu P, Xu S, Liu J, He W, Lian Q, Pi R Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Regulation and Function of AQP4 in the Central Nervous System.
Abstract Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in the mammalian brain and is mainly expressed in the perivascular glial endfeet at the brain-blood interface. Based on studies on AQP4(-/-) mice, AQP4 has been assigned physiological roles in stimulus-induced K(+) clearance, paravascular fluid flow, and brain edema formation. Conflicting data have been presented on the role of AQP4 in K(+) clearance and associated extracellular space shrinkage and on the stroke-induced alterations of AQP4 expression levels during edema formation, raising questions about the functional importance of AQP4 in these (patho)...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 29, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Assentoft M, Larsen BR, MacAulay N Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola Biflavonoid Complex, Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pertinent Mechanistic Insights from Biochemical and Physical Evaluations in Rat Brain.
Abstract The pathophysiology of stroke is characterized by biochemical and physical alterations in the brain. Modulation of such aberrations by therapeutic agents affords insights into their mechanism of action. Incontrovertible evidences that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic disorders have brought antioxidative compounds, especially plant phytochemicals, under increasing focus as potential remedies for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex isolated from Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) was evaluated for neuroprotectivity in ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 1, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Akinmoladun AC, Akinrinola BL, Olaleye MT, Farombi EO Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Up-regulation of VCAM1 Relates to Neuronal Apoptosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats.
Abstract Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) is a member of the Immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed in cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, facilitates the downstream signaling, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that VCAM1 exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in several tumor tissues such as ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke with high mo...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 14, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang D, Yuan D, Shen J, Yan Y, Gong C, Gu J, Xue H, Qian Y, Zhang W, He X, Yao L, Ji Y, Shen A Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research