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Total 310 results found since Jan 2013.
The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Food Research InternationalAuthor(s): Samad Ghaffari, Neda RoshanravanAbstractHypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain...
Source: Food Research International - November 8, 2019 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
Psychostimulants/Atomoxetine and Serious Cardiovascular Events in Children with ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder
ConclusionUsing large US claims data, we found no evidence of increased SCV risk in children and adolescents with ADHD or ASD exposed to ADHD medications.
Source: CNS Drugs - November 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Astrocyte-specific NDRG2 gene: functions in the brain and neurological diseases.
Abstract
In recent years, the roles of astrocytes of the central nervous system in brain function and neurological disease have drawn increasing attention. As a member of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system. NDRG2, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressor. In astrocytes, NDRG2 affects the regulation of apoptosis, astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate clearance. Several preclinical studies have revealed that NDRG2 is implicated in the pathogene...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - December 12, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Li X, Wu X, Luo P, Xiong L Tags: Cell Mol Life Sci Source Type: research
Transient ischemia-reperfusion induces cortical hyperactivity and AMPAR trafficking in the somatosensory cortex.
Abstract
Brain ischemia results from cardiac arrest, stroke or head trauma. The structural basis of rescuing the synaptic impairment and cortical dysfunctions induced in the stage of ischemic-reperfusion can occur if therapeutic interventions are applied in time, but the functional basis for this resilience remains elusive. Here, we explore the changes in cortical activity and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunit in spine (sGluA1) after transient ischemia-reperfusion in vivo for 28 days. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy in the mouse somatosensory cortex, we found ...
Source: Aging - March 8, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Li Y, Ding R, Wang F, Guo C, Liu A, Wei L, Yuan S, Chen F, Hou S, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Cudmore RH, Wang X, Shen H Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Prenatal Preeclampsia Exposure.
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a dangerous hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with known links to negative child health outcomes. Here, we review epidemiological and basic neuroscience work from the past several decades linking prenatal preeclampsia to altered neurodevelopment. This work demonstrates increased rates of neuropsychiatric disorders [e.g., increased autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] in children of preeclamptic pregnancies, as well as increased rates of cognitive impairments [e.g., decreased intelligence quotient (IQ), academic performance] and neurological disease (e...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 27, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gumusoglu SB, Chilukuri ASS, Santillan DA, Santillan MK, Stevens HE Tags: Trends Neurosci Source Type: research
Chemogenetic activation of intracardiac cholinergic neurons improves cardiac function in pressure overload induced heart failure.
This study tests if ICG cholinergic neuron activation mitigates the progression of cardiac dysfunction and reduces mortality that occurs in HF. HF was induced by transaortic constriction (TAC) in male transgenic Long Evans rats expressing Cre recombinase within choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) neurons. ChAT neurons were selectively activated by expression and activation of excitatory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Receptors (DREADDs) by Clozapine-N-Oxide (TAC +Treatment & Sham Treated groups). Control animals expressed DREADDs but received saline (Sham and TAC groups). A separate set of animals we...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 14, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Dyavanapalli J, Hora AJ, Escobar JB, Schloen JR, Dwyer MKR, Rodriguez J, Spurney CF, Kay MW, Mendelowitz D Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research
Effect of spectral overlays on visual parameters and reading ability: an integrative review
Conclusion: the effectiveness of overlays in improving reading quality is consistently demonstrated in the literature. The reviewed articles showed that the overlays ’ effect is more expressive when the visual stress is associated with conditions that present sensory alterations and cortical hyperactivity.RESUMO Objetivo: oferecer uma revis ão integrativa dos artigos indexados publicados de 2009 a 2019 sobre o efeito das lâminas espectrais (overlays) em parâmetros visuais e na habilidade de leitura. Métodos: utilizou-se a pesquisa de palavras-chave em sete bancos de dados. Foram excluídos registros duplicados, revis...
Source: Revista CEFAC - June 4, 2020 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Acute administration of metformin prior to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury protects brain injury.
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is the malperfusion of cardiac tissue due to a blockage in a coronary artery. Subsequent return of blood flow to the ischemic area of the heart, results in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart and other organs, including the brain. Besides the cardioprotective effects of metformin on the heart against cardiac I/R injury, metformin also reduced neuronal injury in a stroke model. However, the effects of metformin on the brain following cardiac I/R injury has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we hypothesize that metformin reduces brain damage via decreasing brain mitochondri...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - July 31, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Leech T, Apaijai N, Palee S, Higgins LA, Maneechote C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research
Human Brain Organoid Models of Developmental Epilepsies.
Authors: Nieto-Estévez V, Hsieh J
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures due to neuronal hyperactivity. A large proportion of epilepsy cases begin during childhood. Causes of epilepsy include stroke, infections, brain injury, genetic factors, or other factors that alter brain structure and development, but in up to 50% of cases the cause is unknown. Approximately 35% of patients have refractory seizures that do not respond to medication. Animal models and in vitro cultures have contributed to our understanding of epilepsy, but there is a clear need fo...
Source: Epilepsy Currents - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Epilepsy Curr Source Type: research
Phthalamide derivatives as ACE/AChE/BuChE inhibitors against cardiac hypertrophy: an in silico, in vitro, and in vivo modeling approach
This study aimed to synthesize three phthalamide derivatives (M-01, M-02, and M-03) and evaluate them as three-target (ACE/AChE/BuChE) inhibitors with the possible dual effect of reducing hypertension and r everting cardiac hypertrophy. After in silico and in vitro experiments, one compound was tested in vivo on rats. All three phthalamides were synthesized in good yields, showing good competitive inhibition of the three-target enzymes in silico and in vitro. M-01 (10 mg/kg) significantly reversed ca rdiomyocite hypertrophy (by 87.3%;p < 0.001) in the heart of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model. It was at l...
Source: Medicinal Chemistry Research - February 3, 2021 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research
The Frontal Aslant Tract: A Systematic Review for Neurosurgical Applications
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a recently identified white matter tract connecting the supplementary motor complex and lateral superior frontal gyrus to the inferior frontal gyrus. Advancements in neuroimaging and refinements to anatomical dissection techniques of the human brain white matter contributed to the recent description of the FAT anatomical and functional connectivity and its role in the pathogenesis of several neurological, psychiatric, and neurosurgical disorders. Through the application of diffusion tractography and intraoperative electrical brain stimulation, the FAT was shown to have a role in speech and...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Assessment and Treatment of a Young Adult with Congenital Heart Disease and ADHD
CASE:
Phillip is a young man born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome referred to your practice for a range of mental health concerns. He underwent palliation to an extracardiac Fontan in infancy and experienced multiple complications over the next decade including valvular regurgitation and arrhythmias necessitating a pacemaker. Phillip continued to have systolic heart failure with New York Heart Association class II symptoms, managed with 4 medications and anticoagulation.
Despite this complex history, Phillip had intact cognitive abilities, achieved typical milestones, and performed well academically in secondar...
Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics - May 1, 2021 Category: Child Development Tags: Challenging Case Source Type: research
The trend analysis of neurological disorders as major causes of death and disability according to human development, 1990-2019
This study aims to assess the trends in the incidence rate of neurological disorders in developed and developing countries worldwide during 1990-2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (per 100000 persons) of neurological disorders was the primary outcome, extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database for 189 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Using the Human Development Index (HDI), countries were classified into developed (HDI ≥ 0.7) and developing (HDI < 0.7) groups. Longitudinal analysis was performed using the Latent Growth Model (LGM) to assess the change in the incidence rate of neurological ...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - October 5, 2021 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Nasrin Borumandnia Hamid Alavi Majd Hassan Doosti Keyvan Olazadeh Source Type: research
Mental depression: Relation to different disease status, newer treatments and its association with COVID-19 pandemic (Review)
Mol Med Rep. 2021 Dec;24(6):839. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12479. Epub 2021 Oct 11.ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to review major depression, including its types, epidemiology, association with different diseases status and treatments, as well as its correlation with the current COVID-19 pandemic. Mental depression is a common disorder that affects most individuals at one time or another. During depression, there are changes in mood and behavior, accompanied by feelings of defeat, hopelessness, or even suicidal thoughts. Depression has a direct or indirect relation with a number of other diseases including Alzheimer's disease...
Source: Molecular Medicine - October 11, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mohamed S Abdel-Bakky Elham Amin Tarek M Faris Ahmed A H Abdellatif Source Type: research
