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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 43 results found since Jan 2013.

Fine particulate matter exposure aggravates ischemic injury via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis
CONCLUSION: These results suggested that PM2.5 exposure triggered the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions, which may be mediated by increased ROS production after ischemic stroke. These findings may provide a more enhanced understanding of the interplay between PM2.5 and neuroinflammation and cell death, and reveal a novel mechanism of PM2.5-mediated toxic effects after ischemic stroke.PMID:35403328 | DOI:10.1111/cns.13837
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - April 11, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li Gao Jie-Xing Qin Jian-Quan Shi Teng Jiang Fei Wang Chong Xie Qing Gao Nan Zhi Qing Dong Yang-Tai Guan Source Type: research

Different effects of arginine vasopressin on high‐mobility group box 1 expression in astrocytes isolated from stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats
Summary Stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) develop severe hypertension and astrocytic oedema following ischaemic stimulation. During ischaemic stress high‐mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1) expression in astrocytes is induced, and subsequently potentiates deterioration of the brain due to ischaemic injury, which manifests as both cerebral inflammation and astrocytic oedema. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces brain injury and increases astrocytic swelling. After stroke, Hmgb1 and peroxiredoxin (Prx) are released at different times and activate macrophages in the brain via Toll‐like receptors (Tlr2s). T...
Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology - April 28, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Kazuo Yamagata, Natumi Sone, Sari Suguyama, Toru Nabika Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Different effects of arginine vasopressin on high ‐mobility group box 1 expression in astrocytes isolated from stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and congenic SHRpch1_18 rats
Summary Stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Izm) develop severe hypertension and astrocytic oedema following ischaemic stimulation. During ischaemic stress high‐mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1) expression in astrocytes is induced, and subsequently potentiates deterioration of the brain due to ischaemic injury, which manifests as both cerebral inflammation and astrocytic oedema. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces brain injury and increases astrocytic swelling. After stroke, Hmgb1 and peroxiredoxin (Prx) are released at different times and activate macrophages in the brain via Toll‐like receptors (Tlr2s). T...
Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology - April 28, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Kazuo Yamagata, Natumi Sone, Sari Suguyama, Toru Nabika Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sirt1-ROS-TRAF6 Signaling-Induced Pyroptosis Contributes to Early Injury in Ischemic Mice
In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory reactions induced by acute ischemia and found that pyroptosis occurred after acute ischemia bothin vivo andin vitro, as determined by interleukin-1 β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and caspase-1. The early inflammation resulted in irreversible ischemic injury, indicating that it deserves thorough investigation. Meanwhile, acute ischemia decreased the Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein levels, and increased the TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) protein and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In further exploration, both Sirt1 suppression and TRAF6 activation were foun...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 5, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effect of Phthalide Derivative CD21 against Ischemic Brain Injury:Involvement of MSR1 Mediated DAMP peroxiredoxin1 Clearance and TLR4 Signaling Inhibition
This study investigated the effects of the phthalide derivative CD21 on ischemic brain injury and the mechanism underlying MSR1-induced resolution of neuroinflammation. Using a rat model of 2  h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MSR1-induced peroxiredoxin1 (PRX1) clearance in RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. We show here that CD21 significantly ameliorated infarct volumes and neurological deficits in a dose-dependent manner with a ≥ 12 h therapeutic time w indow. Moreover, administration of 5 mg/kg/day CD21 over 24 h significantly reduced pathological damages, with associated inhibition of...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - April 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

N-acetylcysteine attenuates systemic platelet activation and cerebral vessel thrombosis in diabetes
Conclusion Collectively, these results show that the diabetic blood and brain become progressively more susceptible to platelet activation and thrombosis. NAC, given after the establishment of diabetes, may offer protection against the risk for stroke by altering both systemic and vascular prothrombotic responses via enhancing platelet GSH, and GSH-dependent MG elimination, as well as correcting levels of antioxidants such as SOD1 and GPx-1. Graphical abstract
Source: Redox Biology - September 28, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for the Prevention of Liver Failure in Heat Injury-Mediated Ischemic Hepatitis.
Authors: Will JS, Snyder CJ, Westerfield KL Abstract Exertional Heat Illness with associated ischemic hepatitis (IH) is a common occurrence among military trainees; however, few specific therapies exist if unresponsive to appropriate supportive measures. A 27-year-old basic combat trainee presented with altered mental status, renal insufficiency, rhabdomyolysis, and a core temp of 107.9 °F after collapsing during a run, leading to the diagnosis of heat stroke. While the patient's azotemia and creatinine kinase levels rapidly improved with aggressive intravenous hydration, transaminases continued to increase to nea...
Source: Military Medicine - March 1, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Mil Med Source Type: research

Is Aberrant Reno-Renal Reflex Control of Blood Pressure a Contributor to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension?
This study demonstrated unaltered vascular conductance in response to lumbar sympathetic stimulation in CIH-exposed rats. Aortic compliance was increased and estimated blood volume was unchanged in CIH-exposed rats. Increased blood pressure was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was confirmed by echocardiography (Lucking et al., 2014). It is suggested therefore that hypertension in the CIH model can be evoked by over-excitation of the cardiac arm of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), even before mechanisms of enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction are initiated (Naghshin et al., 2009)....
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Glutamate transporters in brain ischemia: to modulate or not?
Abstract In this review, we briefly describe glutamate (Glu) metabolism and its specific transports and receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Thereafter, we focus on excitatory amino acid transporters, cystine/glutamate antiporters (system xc-) and vesicular glutamate transporters, specifically addressing their location and roles in CNS and the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Glu transporters. We provide evidence from in vitro or in vivo studies concerning alterations in Glu transporter expression in response to hypoxia or ischemia, including limited human data that supports the role of ...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - March 31, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Krzyżanowska W, Pomierny B, Filip M, Pera J Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Oxygen glucose deprivation-induced astrocyte dysfunction provokes neuronal death through oxidative stress
Publication date: September 2014 Source:Pharmacological Research, Volume 87 Author(s): Elsa Gouix , Alain Buisson , André Nieoullon , Lydia Kerkerian-Le Goff , Joseph S. Tauskela , Nicolas Blondeau , Laurence Had-Aissouni Understanding the role of astrocytes in stroke is assuming increasing prominence, not only as an important component on its own within the neurovascular unit, but also because astrocytes can influence neuronal outcome. Ischemia may induce astrogliosis and other phenotypic changes, but these remain poorly understood, in part due to limitations in reproducing these changes in vitro. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP-...
Source: Pharmacological Research - November 6, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Circulating tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 predict contrast‐induced nephropathy and progressive renal dysfunction: a prospective cohort study
ConclusionMarkedly elevated concentrations of circulating TNFRs were correlated with the occurrence of CIN and significantly associated with prolonged renal dysfunction regardless of the development of CIN.
Source: Nephrology - March 1, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Jung Nam An, Kyung Don Yoo, Jin Ho Hwang, Hack‐Lyoung Kim, Sang‐Hyun Kim, Seung Hee Yang, Jin Hyuk Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Yun Kyu Oh, Yon Su Kim, Chun Soo Lim, Jung Pyo Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Circulating tumour necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 predict contrast‐induced nephropathy and progressive renal dysfunction: A prospective cohort study
ConclusionMarkedly elevated concentrations of circulating TNFRs were correlated with the occurrence of CIN and significantly associated with prolonged renal dysfunction regardless of the development of CIN.
Source: Nephrology - July 21, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Jung Nam An, Kyung Don Yoo, Jin Ho Hwang, Hack‐Lyoung Kim, Sang‐Hyun Kim, Seung Hee Yang, Jin Hyuk Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Yun Kyu Oh, Yon Su Kim, Chun Soo Lim, Jung Pyo Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Nitroxide antioxidant as a potential strategy to attenuate the oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide plus nitric oxide in cultured neurons
In conclusion, these results suggest that TEMPO ensures excellent ROS/RNS clearance and stress-signaling inhibition, thus effectively rescuing neurons from ROS/H2O2 plus NO/SNAP-induced insult. This study reveals a potential strategy for nitroxide antioxidants as a therapeutic agent against oxidative/nitrosative neurotoxicity.
Source: Nitric Oxide - February 16, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research

Oral N-acetylcysteine and exercise tolerance in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
In conclusion, modulation of plasma redox status with oral NAC treatment was not translated into beneficial effects on central or peripheral components of the oxygen transport pathway, thereby failing to improve exercise tolerance in nonhypoxemic patients with mild COPD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) elevated plasma glutathione but did not modulate central or peripheral components of the O2 transport pathway, thereby failing to improve exercise tolerance in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - May 18, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Hirai, D. M., Jones, J. H., Zelt, J. T., da Silva, M. L., Bentley, R. F., Edgett, B. A., Gurd, B. J., Tschakovsky, M. E., ODonnell, D. E., Neder, J. A. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

N ‐acetylcysteine targets 5 lipoxygenase‐derived, toxic lipids and can synergize with PGE2 to inhibit ferroptosis and improve outcomes following hemorrhagic stroke in mice
Annals of Neurology,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
Source: Annals of Neurology - October 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Saravanan S. Karuppagounder, Lauren Alin, Yingxin Chen, David Brand, Megan W. Bourassa, Kristen Dietrich, Cassandra M. Wilkinson, Colby A. Nadeau, Amit Kumar, Steve Perry, John T. Pinto, Victor Darley ‐Usmar, Stephanie Sanchez, Ginger L. Mi Source Type: research