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Neuroinflammation in Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to provide an overview of neuroinflammation in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, including recent findings on the mechanisms and cellular players involved in the inflammatory response to brain injury.Recent FindingsNeuroinflammation is a crucial process following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). In AIS, neuroinflammation is initiated within minutes of the ischemia onset and continues for several days. In HS, neuroinflammation is initiated by blood byproducts in the subarachnoid space and/or brain parenchyma. In both cases, neuroinflammation is characterized b...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 3, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways
AbstractEarly brain injury (EBI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis for patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), particularly learning and memory deficits in the repair phase. A recent report has involved calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the pathophysiological process underlying SAH-induced EBI. Alpha-asarone (ASA), a major compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbAcorus tatarinowii Schott, was proven to reduce secondary brain injury by decreasing CaMKII over-phosphorylation in rats ’ model of intracerebral hemorrhage in our previous report. However, the effect of ASA o...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Activation of HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway by deferoxamine ameliorates retinal hypoxia in a rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model
Conclusions Our findings suggest that modulating the application of deferoxamine may offer therapeutic approaches to alleviate retinal complications after SAH.
Source: NeuroReport - October 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research

Predictors of Time to Aneurysm Repair and Mortality in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that treatment at a CSC was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality. Time to aneurysm repair did not influence mortality and did not explain the mortality benefit observed in CSCs. Research is needed to explore interdisciplinary hospital factors including nursing and nurse-sensitive interventions that may explain the relationship between CSCs and mortality outcomes.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing - September 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Articles Source Type: research

E-108 Ruptured intracranial aneurysm presenting as isolated acute subdural hemorrhage
ConclusionIn rare cases, ruptured intracranial aneurysms can be associated with isolated subdural hemorrhage. Common treatment options include endovascular coiling and microsurgical clipping. However, endovascular repair is often preferred especially when the patient may not be able to tolerate a surgical procedure, as was the case with this patient. In this case, the patient presented with stroke-like symptoms and was found to have a subdural hemorrhage. After emergent craniotomy to evacuate the hematoma, successful endovascular coiling was performed, and the patient was stabilized for further management>Disclosures D....
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 23, 2022 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Babici, D., Johansen, P., Newman, S., Packer, E., Snelling, B. Tags: SNIS 19th annual meeting electronic poster abstracts Source Type: research

Role of Dexmedetomidine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Comprehensive Scoping Review
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenergic agonist, has been widely used for anesthesia, pain control, and intensive care unit sedation. Besides sleep-like sedation, DEX has many other beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anticell death. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a severe and potentially fatal form of stroke, is a complex disease that is divided into 2 phases: early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia. In each phase, several pathologic changes are involved, including disturbed intracranial homeostasis, metabolic failure, blood-brain barrier damage, vasospasm, microthrombosis, and cort...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology - March 15, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

GrpEL1 Regulates Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro
In conclusion, the reduced GrpEL1-mtHSP70 complex is an essential factor affecting UPRmt in EBI after SAH. Increasing GrpEL1 promotes GrpEL1 and mtHSP70 binding, promoting the neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis, and might be an essential clinical intervention target for EBI after SAH.PMID:35093469 | DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.014
Source: Brain Research - January 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chao Ma Bixi Gao Zongqi Wang Wanchun You Zhengquan Yu Haitao Shen Xiang Li Haiying Li Xuwei Zhang Zhong Wang Gang Chen Source Type: research

Attacked and Shaken by a Dog: A Cause of Traumatic Brain and Carotid Injury in an Infant
Conclusion: Large animal attacks are a rare cause of PTCAD but may be due to the mechanism of shaking during the attack. We propose either CTA or MRA be considered as part of the initial workup in cases where an infant is attacked by a dog or other large animals, preventing delay of treatment.Pediatr Neurosurg
Source: Pediatric Neurosurgery - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

The Role of Tenascin-C in Tissue Injury and Repair After Stroke
Stroke is still one of the most common causes for mortality and morbidity worldwide. Following acute stroke onset, biochemical and cellular changes induce further brain injury such as neuroinflammation, cell death, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Matricellular proteins are non-structural proteins induced by many stimuli and tissue damage including stroke induction, while its levels are generally low in a normal physiological condition in adult tissues. Currently, a matricellular protein tenascin-C (TNC) is considered to be an important inducer to promote neuroinflammatory cascades and the resultant pathology in stroke....
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - January 21, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: the Last Decade
AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects six to nine people per 100,000 per year, has a 35% mortality, and leaves many  with lasting disabilities, often related to cognitive dysfunction. Clinical decision rules and more sensitive computed tomography (CT) have made the diagnosis of SAH easier, but physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion. The management of these patients is based on a limited number of ran domized clinical trials (RCTs). Early repair of the ruptured aneurysm by endovascular coiling or neurosurgical clipping is essential, and coiling is superior to clipping in cases amenable to bot...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression
Conclusions Stroke comprises ischemic stroke and ICH. The immuno-inflammatory process is involved in neural plasticity following events such as a hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. After ischemia, astrocytes, microglia, and MDMs play important roles during rehabilitation with the modulation of cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. Moreover, MiRNAs are also important posttranscriptional regulators in these glial mitochondrial responses to cerebral ischemia. ICH involves processes similar and different to those seen in ischemia, including neuronal injury, astrocytic and microglial/macrophage activation, and n...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Exposure to the ROCK inhibitor fasudil promotes gliogenesis of neural stem cells in vitro
Publication date: April 2018 Source:Stem Cell Research, Volume 28 Author(s): Zubair Ahmed Nizamudeen, Lisa Chakrabarti, Virginie Sottile Fasudil is a clinically approved Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor that has been used widely to treat cerebral consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is known to have a positive effect on animal models of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease and stroke. However, its cellular effect on progenitor populations and differentiation is not clearly understood. While recent studies suggest that fasudil promotes the mobilization of neural stem cells (NSCs) from t...
Source: Stem Cell Research - February 28, 2018 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Autophagy after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Can cell death be good?
Abstract Autophagy is a prosurvival, reparative process that maintains cellular homeostasis through lysosomal degradation of selected cytoplasmic components and programmed death of old, dysfunctional, or unnecessary cytoplasmic entities. According to growing evidence, autophagy shows beneficial effects following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is considered one of the most devastating forms of stroke. Though autophagy is prosurvival and aids in repair, deregulated or excessive autophagy results in increased cell death, more brain injury, and worse outcome. The aim of this review lies in revealing the pathophysi...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - November 23, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ho WM, Akyol O, Reis H, Reis C, McBride D, Thome C, Zhang J Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

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