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Total 97 results found since Jan 2013.

Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Adult Brain Tumor Survivors: Evidence to Guide Practice
CONCLUSION: Nurses play a key role in the assessment, prevention, and identifying individuals who are at risk of AIS during brain tumor survivorship. Engaging patients and their caregivers on minimizing their risks of AIS is crucial in the outpatient setting. Annual surveillance visits that include intracranial artery imaging should be used to identify individuals considered most at risk for developing AIS symptoms.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing - September 9, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Clinical Nursing Focus Source Type: research

Autophagy Inhibition by ATG3 Knockdown Remits Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury and Inflammation in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
In conclusion, autophagy inhibition by ATG3 knockdown remitted OGD/R-induced injury and inflammation in brain microvascular endothelial cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.PMID:34379294 | DOI:10.1007/s11064-021-03423-w
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 11, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhaolong Peng Daofei Ji Lukuan Qiao Yuedong Chen Hongjuan Huang Source Type: research

Emerging Role of PD-1 in the Central Nervous System and Brain Diseases
AbstractProgrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint modulator and a major target of immunotherapy as anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of PD-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). PD-1 has been implicated in CNS disorders such as brain tumors, Alzheimer ’s disease, ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cognitive function, and pain. PD-1 signaling suppresses the CNS immune responsevia resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Notably, PD-1 is also widely express...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Epigenetics in blood –brain barrier disruption
AbstractThe vessels of the central nervous system (CNS) have unique barrier properties. The endothelial cells (ECs) which comprise the CNS vessels contribute to the barrier via strong tight junctions, specific transporters, and limited endocytosis which combine to protect the brain from toxins and maintains brain homeostasis. Blood –brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a serious secondary injury in various CNS disorders like stroke, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, there are no drugs or therapeutics available to treat specifically BBB damage after a brain injury. Growing knowledge in the field of epige...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Ferroptosis: an emerging therapeutic target in stroke
AbstractStroke is a disastrous neurological disease with high morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of the pathological process is extremely complicated and unclear. Although many basic studies have confirmed some molecular mechanism of brain injury after stroke, these studies cannot effectively translate into treatment and clinical application. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is distinct from necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy morphologically and biochemically, and is characterized by iron‐dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. Despite ferroptosis being first identified in cancer cells, it was recently ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 18, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yibo Liu, Yuanjian Fang, Zeyu Zhang, Yujie Luo, Anke Zhang, Cameron Lenahan, Sheng Chen Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Effects of Diclofenac Versus Meloxicam in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Mice.
Abstract Epilepsy comes after stroke as the most common chronic neurological disorder worldwide. Inflammation enhances neuronal hyperexcitability that could provide a background setting for the development of epilepsy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of valproate (VAL), diclofenac (DIC), meloxicam (MEL), VAL + MEL and VAL + DIC in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindled mice. Seventy mice were randomly allocated into 7 equal groups; Control, PTZ, VAL, DIC, MEL, VAL + MEL and VAL + DIC groups. Kindling was induced by PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) injection every other day for 17 days. The drugs were...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 12, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elgarhi R, Shehata MM, Abdelsameea AA, Salem AE Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

RFDCR: Automated brain lesion segmentation using cascaded random forests with dense conditional random fields
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Gaoxiang Chen, Qun Li, Fuqian Shi, Islem Rekik, Li Wang, Zhifang PanSegmentation of brain lesions from magnetic resonance images (MRI) is an important step for disease diagnosis, surgical planning, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, due to noise, motion, and partial volume effects, automated segmentation of lesions from MRI is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a two-stage supervised learning framework for automatic brain lesion segmentation. Specifically, in the first stage, intensity-based statistical features, template-...
Source: NeuroImage - February 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Companion animal models of neurological disease
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Brittanie Partridge, John H. RossmeislAbstractClinical translation of novel therapeutics that improve the survival and quality of life of patients with neurological disease remains a challenge, with many investigational drug and device candidates failing in advanced stage clinical trials. Naturally occurring inherited and acquired neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, and stroke occur frequently in companion animals, and many of these share epidemiologic, pat...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - November 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II: An abundant peptide neurotransmitter-enzyme system with multiple clinical applications
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2019Source: Progress in NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Joseph H. Neale, Tatsuo YamamotoAbstractN-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is the third most prevalent neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system, yet its therapeutic potential is only now being fully recognized. Drugs that inhibit the inactivation of NAAG by glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) increase its extracellular concentration and its activation of its receptor, mGluR3. These drugs warrant attention, as they are effective in animal models of several clinical disorders including stroke, traumatic brain injury and schi...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - November 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Ischemic stroke caused by giant cell arteritis associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma
We describe a 77-year-old man with a sudden onset of dizziness, vomiting, and gait disturbances. Following imaging studies, a diagnosis of bulbar ischemic stroke with left vertebral artery stenosis was made. Based on a history of polymyalgia rheumatica, on laboratory tests, and brain digital subtraction angiography, a diagnosis of GCA was advanced and the patient underwent high-dose steroidal therapy. After a total body 18-FGD PET imaging, a pulmonary adenocarcinoma was found.Vertebral artery involvement is a rare but important occurrence in GCA as it carries a high mortality rate, and may require a vigorous therapeutic ap...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - November 5, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

USP18 Overexpression Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Mice by Suppressing Microglial Activation
This study aims to determine whether USP18 expression protects against brain damage in ischemic models of stroke. We investigated USP18 expression, overexpression, and knockout under ischemic conditions in vitro and in vivo. Using BV2 microglial cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and 60 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice as models of ischemia, we assessed the infarct volume, the extent of neurogenesis, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and Janus Kinases (JAKs)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway members. BV2 cells under OGD for 0, 6, 12, or 24 h...
Source: Neuroscience - September 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Stroke-Like Presentation of Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration: a Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature.
We report herein incidence and clinical features of hyperacute onset PCD, a vertebrobasilar stroke mimic. We performed a retrospective analysis of all suspected PCD cases referred to the Udine University Hospital between 2009 and 2017. Our center provides the only neuroimmunology laboratory for three provinces of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, Italy (983,190 people as of January 1, 2017). Inclusion criteria were (1) abrupt onset of neurological symptoms; (2) initial consideration of a vascular etiology; (3) final diagnosis of "definite PCD." We also carried out a systematic review of the literature in order to identify ...
Source: Cerebellum - August 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Vogrig A, Bernardini A, Gigli GL, Corazza E, Marini A, Segatti S, Fabris M, Honnorat J, Valente M Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Cancer and Cerebrovascular Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the latest information about the interactions between cancer and cerebrovascular disease.Recent FindingsAdditional data support the finding that both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are important complications of cancer or its treatment. Reperfusion therapy is being given successfully to patients with stroke complicating cancer.SummaryHemorrhagic stroke may occur with metastatic disease to the brain, coagulopathies from cancer, in particular leukemia, or as complications of chemotherapy. Ischemic stroke also may be a complication of metastatic disease with local invasion of vessels, a pro...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - August 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Inhibition of activator protein 1 attenuates neuroinflammation and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of AP-1 curbs neuroinflammation and reduces brain injury following ICH. PMID: 31392841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wei CJ, Li YL, Zhu ZL, Jia DM, Fan ML, Li T, Wang XJ, Li ZG, Ma HS Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research