Choroid plexus immune cell response in murine hydrocephalus induced by intraventricular hemorrhage
ConclusionThere is a marked immune cell response at the ChP in IVH involving epiplexus cells, T lymphocytes and neutrophils. The blood components iron and Prx-2 may play a role in eliciting that response. Reduction of ChP macrophages with clodronate liposomes reduced iron-induced ventriculomegaly suggesting that ChP macrophages may be a promising therapeutic target for managing IVH-induced hydrocephalus. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Choroid plexus enlargement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and its correlation with clinical disability and blood-CSF barrier permeability
ConclusionOur study first demonstrates CP enlargement in vivo in ALS patients, and continues to suggest an important pathogenetic role for CP abnormalities in ALS. Moreover, assessing CP volume is likely a noninvasive and easy-to-implement approach for screening BCSFB dysfunction in ALS patients. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Analysis of ischemic stroke-mediated effects on blood –brain barrier properties along the arteriovenous axis assessed by intravital two-photon imaging
AbstractEarly breach of the blood –brain barrier (BBB) and consequently extravasation of blood-borne substances into the brain parenchyma is a common hallmark of ischemic stroke. Although BBB breakdown is associated with an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage and poor clinical prognosis, the cause and mechanism of this process a re largely unknown. The aim of this study was to establish an imaging and analysis protocol which enables investigation of the dynamics of BBB breach in relation to hemodynamic properties along the arteriovenous axis. Using longitudinal intravital two-photon imaging following photothrombotic in...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 15, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
C9ORF72 patient-derived endothelial cells drive blood-brain barrier disruption and contribute to neurotoxicity
AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a highly intricate and dynamic interface connecting the brain and the bloodstream, playing a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. BBB dysfunction has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the role of the BBB in neurodegeneration is understudied. We developed an ALS patient-derived model of the BBB by using cells derived from 5 patient donors carryingC9ORF72 mutations. Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMEC-like cells) derived fromC9ORF72-ALS patients showed altered gene expression, c...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 causes dysfunction in human iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells potentially by modulating the Wnt signaling pathway
ConclusionThese findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes BBB dysfunction via Wnt signaling. Thus, iPSC-BMELCs are a useful in vitro model for elucidating COVID-19 neuropathology and drug development. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Fasting upregulates the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 at the rat blood-brain barrier through PPAR δ activation
ConclusionsAltogether, our study shows that fasting affects a selected set of BBB transporters which does not include the main drug efflux transporters. Moreover, we describe a previously unknown selective adaptive response of the brain vasculature to fasting which involves PPAR δ and is responsible for the up-regulation of MCT1 expression and activity. Our study opens new perspectives for the metabolic manipulation of the BBB in the healthy or diseased brain. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Single-cell analysis of mesenchymal cells in permeable neural vasculature reveals novel diverse subpopulations of fibroblasts
ConclusionsNovel, distinct subpopulations of mesenchymal cells can be found in permeable vascular interfaces, including the CP, PG, and meninges, and make distinct contributions to both organs through the production of structural proteins, enzymes, transporters, and trophic molecules. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
[1-11C]-Butanol Positron Emission Tomography reveals an impaired brain to nasal turbinates pathway in aging amyloid positive subjects
ConclusionThe data show that tracer kinetics for brain and nasal turbinates are related to each other and both reflect the amyloid status of the brain. As such, these data add to evidence that the nasal pathway is a potential CSF drainage site in humans. These data warrant further investigation of brain and nasal contributions to protein clearance in neurodegenerative disease. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 2, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive decline, A β pathology, and blood–brain barrier function in aged 5xFAD mice
Conclusion5xFAD mice continue to develop spatial memory deficits and increased A β brain levels while aging. Given in vivo MP imaging limitations, further investigation with smaller molecular weight markers combined with advanced imaging techniques would be needed to reliably assess subtle differences in barrier integrity in aged mice. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 27, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Role of aquaporin-4 polarization in extracellular solute clearance
AbstractWaste from the brain has been shown to be cleared via the perivascular spaces through the so-called glymphatic system. According to this model the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the brain in perivascular spaces of arteries, crosses the astrocyte endfoot layer, flows through the parenchyma collecting waste that is subsequently drained along veins. Glymphatic clearance is dependent on astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels that are highly enriched in the endfeet. Even though the polarized expression of AQP4 in endfeet is thought to be of crucial importance for glymphatic CSF influx, its role in extracellular ...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Abcg2a is the functional homolog of human ABCG2 expressed at the zebrafish blood –brain barrier
ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the conserved function of zebrafish Abcg2a and suggest that zebrafish may be an appropriate model organism for studying the role of ABCG2 at the BBB. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 15, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transient but not chronic hyperglycemia accelerates ocular glymphatic transport
AbstractGlymphatic transport is vital for the physiological homeostasis of the retina and optic nerve. Pathological alterations of ocular glymphatic fluid transport and enlarged perivascular spaces have been described in glaucomatous mice. It remains to be established how diabetic retinopathy, which impairs vision in about 50% of diabetes patients, impacts ocular glymphatic fluid transport. Here, we examined ocular glymphatic transport in chronic hyperglycemic diabetic mice as well as in healthy mice experiencing a daily transient increase in blood glucose. Mice suffering from severe diabetes for two and four months, induc...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Freezing of gait in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
ConclusionsFoG is occurring frequently in iNPH patients and may be considered a typical feature of iNPH. FoG in iNPH was associated with higher age, longer disease duration, worse cognitive function, and a more unstable gait. Shunt surgery seems to improve the symptom. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Validating the accuracy of real-time phase-contrast MRI and quantifying the effects of free breathing on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
ConclusionsRT-PC accurately quantifies CSF oscillations in real-time and eliminates the need for cardiac synchronization, enabling the quantification of the cardiac and breathing components of CSF flow. This study quantifies the impact of free-breathing on CSF parameters, offering valuable physiological references for understanding the effects of breathing on CSF dynamics. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The genetic basis of hydrocephalus: genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact
AbstractHydrocephalus (HC) is a heterogenous disease characterized by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics that may cause increased intracranial pressure. HC is a component of a wide array of genetic syndromes as well as a secondary consequence of brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), infection, etc.) that can present across the age spectrum, highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. Surgical treatments include ventricular shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization, both of which are prone to failure, and no effective pharmacologic trea...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
