Tocilizumab promotes repair of spinal cord injury by facilitating the restoration of tight junctions between vascular endothelial cells
ConclusionThe application of Tocilizumab to antagonize IL-6R can effectively reduce the expression of IL-6 in macrophages and facilitate TJs restoration of the BSCB, which is beneficial for axon regeneration and motor functional recovery after SCI. Hence, Tocilizumab treatment is a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The new insight into the inflammatory response following focused ultrasound-mediated blood –brain barrier disruption
ConclusionsOur findings propose that a well-defined BBBD parameter of 0.25 MPa could ensure the safety without cellular/tissue damage or sterile inflammatory response in the brain. Furthermore, the fact that the excessive sonication parameters at 0.42 MPa could induce a sterile inflammation response via glial activation suggested the possibility that could lead to tissu e repair toward the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment through A2-type reactive astrocytes. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 23, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Bacterial ribosomal RNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid using a viromics approach
ConclusionWe provide proof of principle that a viromic approach can be used to correctly identify bacterial ribosomal RNA in patients with bacterial meningitis. Further work should focus on increasing assay sensitivity, especially for problematic species (e.g.L. monocytogenes), as well as profiling additional pathogens. The technique is most suited to research settings and examination of idiopathic cases, rather than an acute clinical setting. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 22, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid production: a review of the limitations and advantages of current methodologies
AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential and critical component of the central nervous system (CNS). According to the concept of the “third circulation” originally proposed by Cushing, CSF is mainly produced by the choroid plexus and subsequently leaves the cerebral ventricles via the foramen of Magendie and Luschka. CSF then fills the subarachnoid space from whence it disperses to all parts of the CNS, including the forebrai n and spinal cord. CSF provides buoyancy to the submerged brain, thus protecting it against mechanical injury. CSF is also transported via the glymphatic pathway to reach deep interstitia...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 15, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow oscillations measured with real-time phase-contrast MRI: breathing mode matters
ConclusionsThe spectral analyses demonstrated higher respiratory modulations in PD compared to free breathing, even prevailing the cardiac modulation in the IJVs, showing an increment of the thoracic pump affecting the flow rate shape. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Brain pharmacokinetics of mono- and bispecific amyloid- β antibodies in wild-type and Alzheimer’s disease mice measured by high cut-off microdialysis
ConclusionThe BBB-penetrating bispecific antibody displayed higher ISF concentrations than the monospecific antibody. The concentration difference between the two antibodies was even larger in the whole brain than in the ISF. Further, the bispecific antibody, but not the monospecific antibody, displayed higher total brain concentrations than ISF concentrations, indicating association to brain tissue. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 12, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells model brain microvascular endothelial cell glucose metabolism
In this study, we examined differences between hpBMEC and hiBMEC glucose metabolism using a combination of dynamic metabolic measurements, metabolic mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing, and Western blots. hiBMEC had decrease d glycolytic flux relative to hpBMEC, and the overall metabolomes and metabolic enzyme levels were different between the two cell types. However, hpBMEC and hiBMEC had similar glucose metabolism, including nearly identical glucose labeled fractions of glycolytic and TCA cycle metabolites. Treatment with astrocyte conditioned media and high glucose increased glycolysis in both hpBMEC and hiBMEC, though hp...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 9, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Exogenous laminin exhibits a unique vascular pattern in the brain via binding to dystroglycan and integrins
ConclusionsThese findings suggest that intracerebrally injected laminins are enriched in the perivascular space in a receptor (DAG1/integrin)-dependent rather than self-assembly-dependent manner and eliminated from the brain mainly via the perivascular clearance system. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 3, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Is plasma amyloid- β 1–42/1–40 a better biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease than AβX–42/X–40?
ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that the relatively small difference in the plasma A β42/40 ratio between subjects with and without evidence of brain amyloidosis can be accentuated by specifically measuring Aβ1–42/1–40 instead of AβX–42/X–40. A simplified theoretical model explaining this observation is presented. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - December 3, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Modulation of striatal glutamatergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission pathways concomitant with motor disturbance in rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus
ConclusionsHydrocephalus altered striatal glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission pathways and tipped the balance between the direct and indirect basal ganglia circuits, which could have contributed to the motor impairments in hydrocephalus. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 27, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transcriptomic analysis of a 3D blood –brain barrier model exposed to disturbed fluid flow
AbstractCerebral aneurysms are more likely to form at bifurcations in the vasculature, where disturbed fluid is prevalent due to flow separation at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers. While previous studies have demonstrated that altered shear stress exerted by disturbed flow disrupts endothelial tight junctions, less is known about how these flow regimes alter gene expression in endothelial cells lining the blood –brain barrier. Specifically, the effect of disturbed flow on expression of genes associated with cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction, which likely mediate aneurysm formation, remains unclear. RNA sequenc...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 24, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evaluation of CSF albumin quotient in neuronal surface antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis
DiscussionMales, prodromal symptoms, brain lesions on MRI, CSF pleocytosis, and elevated CSF protein were more common in NSAE patients with increased Qalb. Qalb elevation was an independent prognostic indicator for a poor prognosis in NSAE. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 23, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Novel localization of folate transport systems in the murine central nervous system
ConclusionsLocalization of RFC and PCFT within the AB, described here for the first time, suggest that AB may contribute to folate transport between the peripheral circulation and the CSF. RFC and PCFT expression observed in astrocytes and microglia is consistent with the role that one or both of these transporters may play in delivering folates into cells within brain parenchyma. These studies provide insights into mechanisms of folate transport in the CNS and may enhance our understanding of the critical role folates play in neurodevelopment and in the development of novel treatment strategies for disorders of brain fola...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 23, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction: Potential role of astrocyte angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the neural transmission of COVID-19 and a neuroinflammatory state induced by smoking and vaping
(Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Age dependent contribution of entry via the CSF to the overall brain entry of small and large hydrophilic markers
ConclusionsIn the developing brain the apparent higher brain entry of a small hydrophilic marker such as sucrose can be attributed to its higher entry into the CSF and subsequent diffusion into the brain. By contrast, movement of a larger marker like 70 kDa dextran is restricted firstly by choroid plexus epithelial tight junctions and secondly by specialised junctions in the neuroependymal interface between the CSF and brain. Brain/plasma ratios of 70 kDa dextran were similar in fetal and adult rats. Therefore 70 kDa dextran should be considere d an appropriate marker if brain residual vascular space is to be measured,...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - November 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
