Large-scale in-silico analysis of CSF dynamics within the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve
ConclusionsThe present analysis suggests that a pressure drop of 0.1 –0.2 mmHg over 4 cm is sufficient to steadily drive CSF through the entire subarachnoid space. Despite low hydraulic resistance, great heterogeneity in flow speeds puts certain areas of the ONSAS at risk of stagnation. Alterations of the ONSAS architecture aimed at mimicking pathological conditi ons highlight direct relationships between CSF volume and drainage capability. Compared to the morphological manipulations considered herein, the original ONSAS architecture seems optimized towards providing maximum mass transfer across a wide range of pressur...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 28, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Investigating post-traumatic syringomyelia and local fluid osmoregulation via a rat model
ConclusionsIn summary, PTSM results in local osmotic disturbance that propagates at 6 weeks following initial injury. This coincides with and may contribute to syrinx formation/expansion. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Endothelial and mural laminin- α5 contributes to neurovascular integrity maintenance
ConclusionsThese results strongly indicate that endothelial and mural cell-derived laminin- α5 actively maintains neurovascular integrity via the transcellular rather than paracellular mechanism. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 21, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pro-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid profile of neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage: clinical relevance and contrast with CNS infection
ConclusionsSimilarities in CSF parameters may reflect common pathological processes in the inflammatory response and show the complexity associated with interpreting CSF profiles, especially in PHH and meningitis/ventriculitis. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 21, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery reduces the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer ’s disease in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a nationwide population-based propensity-weighted cohort study
ConclusionCSF shunt surgery is associated with reduced risks of the subsequent development of dementia and AD in iNPH patients. Our findings may provide valuable information for assessing the benefit-to-risk profile of CSF shunt surgery. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric central nervous system malignancies: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual patient data
ConclusionInfrequent publications on rare pediatric cancer entities, which often involve small sample sizes, are inherently prone to result in heterogeneous studies —particularly when conducted within a rapidly evolving field like proteomics. As a result, obtaining clear evidence, such as CSF proteome biomarkers for CNS dissemination or early-stage neurotoxicity, is currently impractical. Our general recommendations comprise the need for standardized methodol ogies, collaborative efforts, and improved data sharing in pediatric CNS malignancy research. We specifically emphasize the possible importance of considering natur...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Deep learning segmentation of peri-sinus structures from structural magnetic resonance imaging: validation and normative ranges across the adult lifespan
ConclusionsA tool that can be applied to quantify PSD and AG volumes from commonly acquiredT2-weighted MRI scans is reported and exemplar volumetric ranges of these structures are provided, which should provide an exemplar for studies of neurofluid circulation dysfunction. Software and training data are made freely available online (https://github.com/hettk/spesis). (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Analysis of the contributing role of drug transport across biological barriers in the development and treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
ConclusionsHence, high unbound drug intracellular and extracellular exposure at target sites, driven by an interplay of drug transport across the endothelial and parenchymal cellular barriers, is a predisposing factor to CIPN development for CIPN-positive drugs. Critical drug-specific features of unbound drug disposition at various CIPN- sites provide invaluable insights into understanding the pharmacological/toxicological effects at the target-sites which will inform new strategies for monitoring and treatment of CIPN. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2023 —the fifteenth meeting of the Hydrocephalus Society
(Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - February 2, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Blood pressure lowering enhances cerebrospinal fluid efflux to the systemic circulation primarily via the lymphatic vasculature
ConclusionsThis is the first study showing that cerebrospinal fluid clearance can be improved with acute hypotensive treatment and that the effect of the treatment is reduced by ligation of a lymphatic drainage pathway. Enhanced cerebrospinal fluid clearance by blood pressure lowering may have therapeutic potential in diseases with dysregulate d cerebrospinal fluid flow. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
CSF hyperdynamics in rats mimicking the obesity and androgen excess characteristic of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
ConclusionsObesity in itself therefore does not suffice to recapitulate the IIH symptoms in rats, but modulation of CSF dynamics appears with adjuvant testosterone treatment, which mimics the androgen excess observed in female IIH patients. Obesity-induced androgen dysregulation may thus contribute to the disease mechanism of IIH and could potentially serve as a future therapeutic target. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Application of a new MDCKII-MDR1 cell model to measure the extent of drug distribution in vitro at equilibrium for prediction of in vivo unbound brain-to-plasma drug distribution
Conclusion: The in vitro assay setup developed in this study holds promise for predicting in vivo drug brain penetration in CNS drug discovery. The correlation between i n vitro and in vivo Kp,brain values, underscores that the model may have potential for early-stage screening. With minor refinements, this in vitro approach could reduce the reliance on in vivo experiments, accelerating the pace of CNS drug discovery and promoting a more ethical research approach. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
ChOP-CT: quantitative morphometrical analysis of the Hindbrain Choroid Plexus by X-ray micro-computed tomography
AbstractThe Hindbrain Choroid Plexus is a complex, cerebrospinal fluid-secreting tissue that projects into the 4th vertebrate brain ventricle. Despite its irreplaceability in the development and homeostasis of the entire central nervous system, the research of Hindbrain Choroid Plexus and other Choroid Plexuses has been neglected by neuroscientists for decades. One of the obstacles is the lack of tools that describe the complex shape of the Hindbrain Choroid Plexus in the context of brain ventricles. Here we introduce an effective tool, termed ChOP-CT, for the noninvasive, X-ray micro-computed tomography-based, three-dimen...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 24, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Oxygen glucose deprivation-pretreated astrocyte-derived exosomes attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced BBB disruption through miR-27a-3p /ARHGAP25/Wnt/ β-catenin axis
ConclusionTaken together, these findings firstly revealed that miR-27a-3p, as one of the main components of OGD-pretreated ADEVs, attenuated BBB destruction and improved neurological deficits following ICH by regulating endothelial ARHGAP25/Wnt/ β-catenin axis. OGD-ADEVs might be a novel strategy for the treatment of ICH.this study implicates that EVs from OGD pre-stimulated astrocytes.Graphical Abstract (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Hydraulic resistance of three-dimensional pial perivascular spaces in the brain
ConclusionsNeglecting off-axis velocity components underestimates the average resistance, but the error can be reduced with a simple correction factor. These results could increase the accuracy of future models of brain-wide and local CSF flow, enabling better prediction of clearance, for example, as it varies with age, brain state, and pathological conditions. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - January 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research