Microglia activated by microbial neuraminidase contributes to ependymal cell death
AbstractThe administration of microbial neuraminidase into the brain ventricular cavities of rodents represents a model of acute aseptic neuroinflammation. Ependymal cell death and hydrocephalus are unique features of this model. Here we demonstrate that activated microglia participates in ependymal cell death. Co-cultures of pure microglia with ependymal cells (both obtained from rats) were performed, and neuraminidase or lipopolysaccharide were used to activate microglia. Ependymal cell viability was unaltered in the absence of microglia or inflammatory stimulus (neuraminidase or lipopolysaccharide). The constitutive exp...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 23, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural crest cell-derived pericytes act as pro-angiogenic cells in human neocortex development and gliomas
AbstractCentral nervous system diseases involving the parenchymal microvessels are frequently associated with a ‘microvasculopathy’, which includes different levels of neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, including blood–brain barrier alterations. To contribute to the understanding of NVU responses to pathological noxae, we have focused on one of its cellular components, the microvascular pericytes, hi ghlighting unique features of brain pericytes with the aid of the analyses carried out during vascularization of human developing neocortex and in human gliomas. Thanks to their position, centred within the endothelia...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Astrocyte-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) does not disrupt the endothelial barrier during hypoxia in vitro
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that AC HIF-1 dependent paracrine signaling does not contribute to AC modulation of EC barrier function under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Thus other cell types likely mediate EC permeability in stress scenarios. Our data does however highlight the continuous protective effect of AC on the barrier endothelium. Exploring these protective mechanisms in more detail will provide essential insight into ways to prevent barrier disturbance during injury and disease. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 18, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
In vitro evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid velocity measurement in type I Chiari malformation: repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement using 2D phase contrast and 4D flow MRI
ConclusionAgreement, repeatability, and reproducibility of 2D PC MRI and 4D Flow detection of peak CSF velocities was quantified using a patient-specific in vitro model of Chiari malformation. In combination, the greatest factor leading to measurement inconsistency was determined to be a lack of reproducibility between different MRI centers. Overall, these findings may help lead to better understanding for application of 2D PC MRI and 4D Flow techniques as diagnostic tools for CSF dynamics quantification in Chiari malformation and related diseases. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 18, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Variations in the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics of the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis )
ConclusionsMost of the CSF flow dynamics recorded from the alligators, are similar to what has been reported from studies of the human CSF. It is hypothesized that the link between ventilatory mechanics and CSF pulsations in the alligator is mediated by displacement of the spinal dura. The results of the study suggest that understanding the CSF dynamics ofAlligator may provide unique insights into the evolutionary origins and functional regulation of the human CSF dynamics. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - March 12, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
