Adjunctive cytoprotective therapies in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review
AbstractWith the introduction of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), a new era for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has arrived. However, despite the much larger recanalization rate as compared to thrombolysis alone, final outcome remains far from ideal. This raises the question if some of the previously tested neuroprotective drugs warrant re-evaluation, since these compounds were all tested in studies where large-vessel recanalization was rarely achieved in the acute phase. This review provides an overview of compounds tested in clinical AIS trials and gives insight into which of these drugs warrant a re-evaluation ...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - October 19, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity
AbstractCerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architectu...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - October 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Activation of Frizzled-7 attenuates blood –brain barrier disruption through Dvl/β-catenin/WISP1 signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
ConclusionsFrizzled-7 activation potentially attenuated BBB permeability and improved neurological deficits after ICH through Dvl /β-Catenin/WISP1 pathway. Frizzled-7 may be a potential target for the development of ICH therapeutic drugs. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 26, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Investigating receptor-mediated antibody transcytosis using blood –brain barrier organoid arrays
ConclusionsHuman BBB organoid arrays are a robust high-throughput platform that can be used to discover new mechanisms of receptor-mediated antibody transcytosis. The implementation of this platform during early stages of drug discovery can accelerate the development of new brain delivery technologies. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interactions of brain, blood, and CSF: a novel mathematical model of cerebral edema
ConclusionsThe model accurately depicts the complex interactions that occur between pressure, volume, and resistances to flow in the different intracranial compartments under specific pathophysiological conditions. In modelling resistance to bulk flow of cerebral ISF, it may serve as a platform for improved modelling of cerebral edema and blood –brain barrier disruption that occur following brain injury. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Response to the letter, entitled “Role of hemagglutinin esterase protein in neurological manifestation of COVID-19”
(Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The CXCL13/CXCR5-chemokine axis in neuroinflammation: evidence of CXCR5+CD4 T cell recruitment to CSF
ConclusionThe observed link between intrathecal CXCL13 elevations and CXCR5+CD4 T cell frequencies does not prove but suggests recruitment of possible professional B cell helpers to the inflamed CSF. This highlights CSF CXCR5+CD4 T cells a key target and potential missing link to the poorly understood phenomenon of intrathecal B cell and antibody responses with relevance for infection control, chronic inflammation and CNS autoimmunity. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 26, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Impact of sex differences on thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury: the role of neutrophils
ConclusionsICV thrombin injection induced more severe ventricular dilation and white matter damage in female rats compared to males. Estrogen appears to contribute to this difference which may involve greater neutrophil infiltration in females. Understanding sex differences in thrombin-induced brain injury may shed light on future interventions for hemorrhagic stroke. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Role of hemagglutinin esterase protein in neurological manifestation of COVID-19
(Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Incidental findings of typical iNPH imaging signs in asymptomatic subjects with subclinical cognitive decline
ConclusionsApparent asymptomatic subjects with “iNPH” imaging characteristics presented with subclinical cognitive decline and showed worse executive function, memory, and TMT-B results than “normal” subjects. WMH seem to play a role in the etiology before ventriculomegaly. Clinical screening of individuals with incidental iNPH-character istic imaging and conspicuous results sof these neurocognitive tests needs further validation. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 14, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Similarities and differences in the localization, trafficking, and function of P-glycoprotein in MDR1-EGFP-transduced rat versus human brain capillary endothelial cell lines
ConclusionsThe present data indicate thatMDR1-EGFP transduced RBE4 cells are an interesting tool to study the biogenesis of lysosomes and Pgp-mediated lysosomal drug trapping in response to chemotherapeutic agents and other compounds at the level of the blood –brain barrier. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - August 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Imaging features associated with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus have high specificity even when comparing with vascular dementia and atypical parkinsonism
ConclusionsThere is a notable overlap between some of the commonly used imaging markers regarding iNPH, VaD and atypical parkinsonism, such as PSP. However, this study shows that the specificity of imaging markers usually associated with iNPH was high even when comparing with these challenging differential diagnoses. The callosal angle was the single imaging feature with highest diagnostic accuracy to discriminate iNPH from its mimics. A simplified rating scale using only a few selected features could be used with retained specificity. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - July 29, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Characterization of the blood –brain barrier in genetically diverse laboratory mouse strains
ConclusionsOur analysis shows that although there were no major differences in parenchymal vascular morphology and paracellular BBB permeability for small molecular weight tracer between investigated mouse strains or sexes, transcriptomic differences of brain endothelial cells point to variation in gene expression of the intact BBB. These baseline variances might be confounding factors in pathological conditions that may lead to a differential functional outcome dependent on the sex or genetic polymorphism. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - July 28, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A multicenter retrospective study of heterogeneous tissue aggregates obstructing ventricular catheters explanted from patients with hydrocephalus
ConclusionOur data show that age of the first surgery and length of time a VC is implanted are factors that influence the degree of VC obstruction. The tissue aggregates obstructing VCs are composed predominantly of astrocytes and macrophages; microglia have a relatively small presence. (Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS)
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - July 21, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion?
ConclusionsWhile SARS-CoV-2 is detected in brains from severely infected patients, it is unclear on how it gets there. There is no sound evidence of SARS-CoV-2 flux into brain to significantly contribute to the overall outcomes once the respiratory system is invaded by the virus. The consensus, based on the normal route of infection and presence of SARS-CoV-2 in severely infected patients, is that the olfactory mucosa is a possible route into brain. Studies are needed to demonstrate flux of SARS-CoV-2 into brain, and its replication in the parenchyma to demonstrate neuroinvasion. It is possible that the neurological manife...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - July 14, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
