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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Inhibition of influenza A virus by mixed siRNAs, targeting the PA, NP, and NS genes, delivered by hybrid microcarriers.
In conclusion, we have developed a proof-of-principle which shows that our hybrid microcarrier technology (utilizing a therapeutic siRNA cocktail) may represent a promising approach in anti-influenza therapy. PMID: 30092251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Antiviral Research - August 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Brodskaia AV, Timin AS, Gorshkov AN, Muslimov AR, Bondarenko AB, Tarakanchikova YV, Zabrodskaya YA, Baranovskaya IL, Il'inskaja EV, Sakhenberg EI, Sukhorukov GB, Vasin AV Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Small RNA-based interactions between rice and the viruses which cause the tungro disease.
Abstract Rice tungro disease is caused by a complex of two viruses, Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). To examine the RNAi-based defence response in rice during tungro disease, we characterized the virus-derived small RNAs and miRNAs by Deep Sequencing. We found that, while 21 nt/22 nt (nucleotide) siRNAs are predominantly produced in a continuous, overlapping and asymmetrical manner from RTBV, siRNA accumulation from RTSV were negligible. Additionally, 54 previously known miRNAs from rice, predicted to be regulating genes involved in plant defence, hormone signaling and d...
Source: Virology - August 3, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Zarreen F, Kumar G, Johnson AMA, Dasgupta I Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Lifecycle modelling systems support inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) as a pro-viral factor and antiviral target for New World arenaviruses
Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Eric C. Dunham, Anne Leske, Kyle Shifflett, Ari Watt, Heinz Feldmann, Thomas Hoenen, Allison GrosethAbstractInfection with Junín virus (JUNV) is currently being effectively managed in the endemic region using a combination of targeted vaccination and plasma therapy. However, the long-term sustainability of plasma therapy is unclear and similar resources are not available for other New World arenaviruses. As a result, there has been renewed interest regarding the potential of drug-based therapies. To facilitate work on this issue, we presen...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - July 20, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Lifecycle modelling systems support inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) as a pro-viral factor and antiviral target for New World arenaviruses.
Abstract Infection with Junín virus (JUNV) is currently being effectively managed in the endemic region using a combination of targeted vaccination and plasma therapy. However, the long-term sustainability of plasma therapy is unclear and similar resources are not available for other New World arenaviruses. As a result, there has been renewed interest regarding the potential of drug-based therapies. To facilitate work on this issue, we present the establishment and subsequent optimization of a JUNV minigenome system to a degree suitable for high-throughput miniaturization, thereby providing a screening platform f...
Source: Antiviral Research - July 19, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Dunham EC, Leske A, Shifflett K, Watt A, Feldmann H, Hoenen T, Groseth A Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

To accelerate the Zika beat: candidate design for RNA interference-based therapy.
Abstract Zika virus infection is associated with the development of severe neurological disorders in adults and newborns. Although at the moment Zika virus outbreak is not threatening to become again an emergency, infection cases are still being sporadically reported and there is still no effective therapy available. A possible treatment to suppress Zika replication is represented by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), since they have been successfully used even against Ebola, H5N1 and SARS viruses and clinical trials of siRNA-based drugs are ongoing. In order to speed up the time consuming experimental validation of...
Source: Virus Research - July 18, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Giulietti M, Righetti A, Cianfruglia L, Šabanović B, Armeni T, Principato G, Piva F Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Overcoming immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B by therapeutic vaccination
Publication date: June 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 30Author(s): Claudia Dembek, Ulrike Protzer, Michael RoggendorfThe currently used nucleoside analogs (i.e. entecavir and tenofovir) with high barrier-to-resistance efficiently suppress viral replication, limit inflammation and reduce the sequelae of chronic hepatitis B, but cannot cure the disease and thus have to be applied long-term. Therapeutic vaccination as an approach to cure chronic hepatitis B has shown promising pre-clinical results, nevertheless the proof of its efficacy in clinical trials is still missing. This may be partially due to subopti...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 10, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The PA-interacting host protein nucleolin acts as an antiviral factor during highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection
In this study, we further explored the role of NCL during highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. We found that depletion of endogenous NCL in mammalian cells by siRNA targeting during H5N1 infection resulted in significantly increased viral polymerase activity, elevated viral mRNA, cRNA and vRNA synthesis, accelerated viral replication, and enhanced apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, siRNA silencing of NCL significantly exacerbated the inflammatory response, resulting in increased secretion of IL-6, TNF- α, TNF-β, CCL-4, CCL-8, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ. Conversely, overexpression of NCL significantly dec...
Source: Archives of Virology - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The transmembrane nucleoporin Pom121 ensures efficient HIV-1 pre-integration complex nuclear import.
Abstract HIV-1 hijacks host classical cargo nuclear transportation, or nonclassical pathways by directly interacting with importin-β family proteins or nucleoporins for efficient pre-integration complex (PIC) nuclear import. Recently, an N-terminal truncated form of nucleoporin Pom121c (601-987 aa) was reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication. In contrast, we found that HIV-1 replication was significantly decreased in 293T and TZM-b1 cells with siRNA-mediated Pom121 knockdown. Quantitative PCR indicated that viral replication was impaired at the step of cDNA nuclear import. Furthermore, we found that karyopherin-β1...
Source: Virology - June 25, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Guo J, Liu X, Wu C, Hu J, Peng K, Wu L, Xiong S, Dong C Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Role of MAPK/MNK1 signaling in virus replication.
Abstract Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites; they heavily depend on the host cell machinery to effectively replicate and produce new progeny virus particles. Following viral infection, diverse cell signaling pathways are initiated by the cells, with the major goal of establishing an antiviral state. However, viruses have been shown to exploit cellular signaling pathways for their own effective replication. Genome-wide siRNA screens have also identified numerous host factors that either support (proviral) or inhibit (antiviral) virus replication. Some of the host factors might be dispensable for the host ...
Source: Virus Research - June 1, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Thachamvally R, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Kashyap SK, Maherchandani S, Kumar N Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

A review on current status of antiviral siRNA
Reviews in Medical Virology, EarlyView.
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - April 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: AbidQureshi , Vaqar GaniTantray , Altaf RehmanKirmani , Abdul GhaniAhangar Source Type: research

Caffeic acid inhibits HCV replication via induction of IFN α antiviral response through p62-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway
In this study, we showed that CA could notably inhibit HCV replication. Mechanism study demonstrated that CA could induce HO-1 expression, which would trigger the IFNα antiviral response, and the antiviral effect of CA was attenuated when HO-1 activity was inhibited by SnPP (an HO-1 inhibitor). CA could also increase erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. When Nrf2 was knocked down by specific siRNA, HO-1 expression was concomitantly decreased while HCV expression was restored. Further study indicated that kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression was decreased by CA in a p62/Sequestosome1 (p62)-depe...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - April 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Caffeic acid inhibits HCV replication via induction of IFN α antiviral response through p62-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
In this study, we showed that CA could notably inhibit HCV replication. Mechanism study demonstrated that CA could induce HO-1 expression, which would trigger the IFNα antiviral response, and the antiviral effect of CA was attenuated when HO-1 activity was inhibited by SnPP (an HO-1 inhibitor). CA could also increase erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. When Nrf2 was knocked down by specific siRNA, HO-1 expression was concomitantly decreased while HCV expression was restored. Further study indicated that kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression was decreased by CA in a p62/Sequestosome1 (p62)-depe...
Source: Antiviral Research - April 12, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Shen J, Wang G, Zuo J Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Interaction of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus major envelope proteins GP5 and M with the cellular protein Snapin.
CONCLUSIONS: The PRRSV GP5 and M proteins are known to form a heterodimeric complex which is important for viral structure and infectivity, and both PRRSV proteins can interact with cellular Snapin. Snapin knock-down suggests these interactions could be important in the PRRSV lifecycle. GP5 and M proteins may interact with Snapin to exploit its roles in intracellular transport and membrane fusion. PMID: 29577951 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Virus Research - March 22, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Hicks JA, Yoo D, Liu HC Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research