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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Dengue virus requires apoptosis linked gene-2-interacting protein X (ALIX) for viral propagation.
In this study the interaction between DENV NS3 and ALIX was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, and functional significance assessed by investigation of DENV production in ALIX expression regulated cells. The results showed that ALIX both interacted and co-localized with DENV NS3 protein and that upregulation of ALIX resulted in a significantly increased viral titer, while either siRNA or CRISPR-Cas9 mediated down regulation of ALIX significantly reduced viral production, without affecting relative DENV genome levels. These results are consistent with ALIX playing a significant role in the DENV replication cycle either...
Source: Virus Research - December 29, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Thepparit C, Khongwichit S, Ketsuwan K, Libsittikul S, Auewarakul P, Smith DR Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 10, Pages 694: Antiviral RNA Interference Activity in Cells of the Predatory Mosquito, Toxorhynchites amboinensis
In this study, we investigated the presence of an RNAi response in Toxorhynchites amboinensis, which is a non-blood feeding species proposed as a biological control agent against pest mosquitoes. Using a derived cell line (TRA-171), we demonstrate that these mosquitoes possess a functional RNAi response that is active against a mosquito-borne alphavirus, Semliki Forest virus. As observed in vector mosquito species, small RNAs are produced that target viral sequences. The size and characteristics of these small RNAs indicate that both the siRNA and piRNA pathways are induced in response to infection. Taken together, this da...
Source: Viruses - December 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Claire L. Donald Margus Varjak Eric Roberto Guimar ães Rocha Aguiar Jo ão T. Marques Vattipally B. Sreenu Esther Schnettler Alain Kohl Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 10, Pages 649: Characterizing the Different Effects of Zika Virus Infection in Placenta and Microglia Cells
ett Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neuropathic virus that causes serious neurological abnormalities such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in fetuses, which makes it an important concern for global human health. A catalogue of cells that support ZIKV replication, pathogenesis, and/or the persistence of the virus still remains unknown. Here, we studied the behavior of the virus in human placenta (JEG-3) and human microglia (HMC3) cell lines in order to better understand how different host tissues respond during infection. We quantified the host transcriptional response to ZIKV infection in ...
Source: Viruses - November 18, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Maria del Pilar Martinez Viedma Brett E. Pickett Tags: Article Source Type: research

5′-triphosphate siRNA targeting HBx elicits a potent anti-HBV immune response in pAAV-HBV transfected mice
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Qiuju Han, Zhaohua Hou, Chunlai Yin, Cai Zhang, Jian ZhangAbstractRNA with 5′-triphosphate (3p-RNA) is recognized by RNA sensor RIG-I (retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein). Previously, we reported that small interfering RNA targeting HBx (3p-siHBx) could confer potent anti–hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy via HBx silencing and RIG-I activation. However, the characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity especially exhaustion profiles in the liver microenvironment in response to 3p-siHBx therapy have not been fully elucidated. ...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - November 16, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

5'-triphosphate siRNA targeting HBx elicits a potent anti-HBV immune response in pAAV-HBV transfected mice.
Abstract RNA with 5'-triphosphate (3p-RNA) is recognized by RNA sensor RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein). Previously, we reported that small interfering RNA targeting HBx (3p-siHBx) could confer potent anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy via HBx silencing and RIG-I activation. However, the characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity especially exhaustion profiles in the liver microenvironment in response to 3p-siHBx therapy have not been fully elucidated. Here, we observed that 3p-siHBx more significantly inhibited HBV replication in vivo. 3p-siHBx enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activation wi...
Source: Antiviral Research - November 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Han Q, Hou Z, Yin C, Zhang C, Zhang J Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

MNK1 inhibitor as an antiviral agent suppresses buffalopox virus protein synthesis
Publication date: Available online 28 October 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Ram Kumar, Nitin Khandelwal, Yogesh Chander, Thachamvally Riyesh, Bhupendra N. Tripathi, Sudhir Kumar Kashyap, Sanjay Barua, Sunil Maherchandani, Naveen KumarAbstractA small molecule chemical inhibitor CGP57380 that blocks activation of MAPK interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) was found to significantly suppress buffalopox virus (BPXV) replication. BPXV infection was shown to induce MNK1 activation. Depletion of MNK1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA), blocking activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK, an upstream activator of MNK1) and d...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - October 29, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 10, Pages 581: Elements Involved in the Rsv3-Mediated Extreme Resistance against an Avirulent Strain of Soybean Mosaic Virus
Hyung Kim Extreme resistance (ER) is a type of R-gene-mediated resistance that rapidly induces a symptomless resistance phenotype, which is different from the phenotypical R-resistance manifested by the programmed cell death, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and hypersensitive response. The Rsv3 gene in soybean cultivar L29 is responsible for ER against the avirulent strain G5H of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), but is ineffective against the virulent strain G7H. Rsv3-mediated ER is achieved through the rapid accumulation of callose, which arrests SMV-G5H at the point of infection. Callose accumulation, however, ma...
Source: Viruses - October 24, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Mazen Alazem Kuan-Chieh Tseng Wen-Chi Chang Jang-Kyun Seo Kook-Hyung Kim Tags: Article Source Type: research

In-vitro inhibition of spring viremia of carp virus replication by RNA interference targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene.
Abstract Spring viremia of carp, a fatal viral disease, is caused by the spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and can result in up to 70% mortalities in common carps and significant economic losses in several other cyprinid aquaculture. The present study aimed to investigate the possible control of SVCV replication in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells using the RNA interference technology targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) gene of the SVCV that is essential for its replication. Three stealth small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences were designed to target three different regions on the SVCV-L gen...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - October 15, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Marzouk Fouad A, Soliman H, Abdallah ESH, Ibrahim S, El-Matbouli M, Elkamel AA Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: research

Expression of Duplex shRNAs through a Lentiviral Vector against Cellular and Viral Genes Inflicts Sustained Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Conclusion: A lentiviral vector-based delivery system is a “single-shot” therapeutic strategy. It can express duplex shRNA for long-term synergistic inhibition of HCV and qualify as a promising therapeutic approach for sustained inhibition of HCV replication.Intervirology
Source: Intervirology - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

CDC25B promotes influenza A virus replication by regulating the phosphorylation of nucleoprotein.
Abstract Cell division cycle 25 B (CDC25B) is a member of the CDC25 phosphatase family. It can dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases and regulate the cell division cycle. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of CDC25B impairs influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Here, to further understand the regulatory mechanism of CDC25B for IAV replication, a CDC25B-knockout (KO) 293T cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. The present data indicated that the replication of IAV was decreased in CDC25B-KO cells. Additionally, CDC25B deficiency damaged viral polymerase activity, nucleoprotein (NP) self-oligomerization, and NP nucle...
Source: Virology - September 18, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Cui L, Mahesutihan M, Zheng W, Meng L, Fan W, Li J, Ye X, Liu W, Sun L Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 10, Pages 466: BK Polyomavirus MicroRNA Levels in Exosomes Are Modulated by Non-Coding Control Region Activity and Down-Regulate Viral Replication When Delivered to Non-Infected Cells Prior to Infection
ne Giannecchini In immunosuppressed patients, BKPyV-variants emerge carrying rearranged non-coding control-regions (rr-NCCRs) that increase early viral gene region (EVGR) expression and replication capacity. BKPyV also encodes microRNAs, which have been reported to downregulate EVGR-encoded large T-antigen transcripts, to decrease viral replication in infected cells and to be secreted in exosomes. To investigate the interplay of NCCR and microRNAs, we compared archetype- and rr-NCCR-BKPyV infection in cell culture. We found that laboratory and clinical rr-NCCR-BKPyV-strains show higher replication rates but significant...
Source: Viruses - August 30, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Francesco Martelli Zongsong Wu Serena Delbue Fabian H. Weissbach Maria Chiara Giulioli Pasquale Ferrante Hans H. Hirsch Simone Giannecchini Tags: Article Source Type: research

Transient inhibition of sphingosine kinases confers protection to influenza A virus infected mice
Publication date: Available online 17 August 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Chuan Xia, Young-Jin Seo, Caleb J. Studstill, Madhuvanthi Vijayan, Jennifer J. Wolf, Bumsuk HahmAbstractInfluenza continues to pose a threat to public health by causing illness and mortality in humans. Discovering host factors that regulate influenza virus propagation is vital for the development of novel drugs. We have previously reported that sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 promotes influenza A virus (IAV) replication in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the other isoform of SphK, SphK2 promotes the replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in c...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - August 18, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Transient inhibition of sphingosine kinases confers protection to influenza A virus infected mice.
Abstract Influenza continues to pose a threat to public health by causing illness and mortality in humans. Discovering host factors that regulate influenza virus propagation is vital for the development of novel drugs. We have previously reported that sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 promotes influenza A virus (IAV) replication in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the other isoform of SphK, SphK2 promotes the replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in cultured cells, and temporary inhibition of SphK1 or SphK2 enhances the host defense against influenza in mice. IAV infection led to an increased expression and phosphorylat...
Source: Antiviral Research - August 17, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Xia C, Seo YJ, Studstill CJ, Vijayan M, Wolf JJ, Hahm B Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

High-degree and broad-spectrum resistance mediated by a combination of NIb siRNA and miRNA suppresses replication of necrotic and common strains of potato virus Y
In this study, we designed specific siRNAs and miRNAs to target two regions of the PVYO replicase gene (NIb). Eight plant expression vectors containing one or two sRNAs were constructed. Luciferase activity assays showed that the designed sRNAs successfully cleaved theNIb gene of PVYO and PVYN, and the vector carrying a combined siRNA- and miRNA-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect. These effects were confirmed through the acquisition of PVYO and PVYN resistance in transgenic sRNA-expressingNicotiana tabacum plants. This phenomenon could be related to a plant defense mechanism in whi...
Source: Archives of Virology - August 10, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Inhibition of influenza A virus by mixed siRNAs, targeting the PA, NP, and NS genes, delivered by hybrid microcarriers
In conclusion, we have developed a proof-of-principle which shows that our hybrid microcarrier technology (utilizing a therapeutic siRNA cocktail) may represent a promising approach in anti-influenza therapy.Graphical abstract
Source: Antiviral Therapy - August 6, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research