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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 919: Differential Effects of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6) Silencing on New and Old World Begomoviruses in Nicotiana benthamiana
aar Christina Wege RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) are key players in the antiviral defence mediated by RNA silencing in plants. RDR6 is one of the major components of the process, regulating the infection of certain RNA viruses. To better clarify its function against DNA viruses, we analyzed the effect of RDR6 inactivation (RDR6i) in N. benthamiana plants on two phloem-limited begomoviruses, the bipartite Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) and the monopartite tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV). We observed exacerbated symptoms and DNA accumulation for the New World virus AbMV in RDR6i plants, varying wit...
Source: Viruses - April 5, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Emanuela Noris Mattia Pegoraro Sandra Palzhoff Catalina Urrejola Nicolai Wochner Sigi Kober Kerstin Ruoff Slavica Mati ć Vera Schnepf Nina Weisshaar Christina Wege Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 785: EV-A71 Mechanism of Entry: Receptors/Co-Receptors, Related Pathways and Inhibitors
nhong Wei Enterovirus A71, a non-enveloped single-stranded (+) RNA virus, enters host cells through three stages: attachment, endocytosis and uncoating. In recent years, receptors/co-receptors anchored on the host cell membrane and involved in this process have been continuously identified. Among these, hSCARB-2 was the first receptor revealed to specifically bind to a definite site of the EV-A71 viral capsid and plays an indispensable role during viral entry. It actually acts as the main receptor due to its ability to recognize all EV-A71 strains. In addition, PSGL-1 is the second EV-A71 receptor discovered. Unlike hS...
Source: Viruses - March 18, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Kanghong Hu Rominah Onintsoa Diarimalala Chenguang Yao Hanluo Li Yanhong Wei Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 617: Chinese Giant Salamander Iridovirus 025L Is a Viral Essential Gene
g Zhou Wei Li Ranavirus is a large nucleocytoplasmic DNA virus. Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (CGSIV) belongs to the ranavirus genus, and its replication involves a series of essential viral genes. Viral PCNA is a gene closely associated with viral replication. CGSIV−025L also encodes PCNA−like genes. We have described the function of CGSIV−025L in virus replication. The promoter of CGSIV−025L is activated during viral infection, and it is an early (E) gene that can be effectively transcribed after viral infection. CGSIV−025L overexpression p...
Source: Viruses - February 23, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Zijing Liu Daofa Xie Shirong Nong Yingzi Wu Suxian Huang Xianhui He Tianhong Zhou Wei Li Tags: Article Source Type: research

Screening of an epigenetic compound library identifies BRD4 as a potential antiviral target for hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA transcription
In this study, we screened an epigenetic compound library in the cccDNA reporter cell line HepBHAe82, which produces the HA-tagged HBeAg in a cccDNA-dependent manner. Among the obtained hits, a bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor MS436 exhibited marked inhibition of cccDNA transcription in both HBV stable cell line HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP or primary human hepatocyte infection system under noncytotoxic concentrations. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that MS436 dramatically reduced the enrichment of H3K27ac, an activating histone modification pattern, on cccDNA minichromosome. RNAseq diff...
Source: Antiviral Research - February 3, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Xiaoyang Yu Quanxin Long Sheng Shen Zhentao Liu Jithin Chandran Junjie Zhang Hao Ding Hu Zhang Dawei Cai Elena S Kim Yufei Huang Haitao Guo Source Type: research

siRNAs pools generated in Escherichia coli exhibit strong RNA-interference activity against influenza virus genomic sequences
Virology. 2022 Dec 31;579:38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.013. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDue to the recurrent pandemic outbreaks that occurred during the last century, Influenza A viruses are considered a serious potential danger to human health. Among the innate immune pathways in eukaryotes, RNA interference plays a significant role in the interaction between viruses and host cells. RNA interference is addressed by small dsRNA molecules produced by the host itself (miRNAs, i.e. "micro-RNAs") but can be triggered also by the administration of exogenous short RNAs (siRNAs, "short interfering RNAs"). In this work, a...
Source: Virology - January 4, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Riccardo Villa Sabrina Renzi Silvia Dotti Franco Lucchini Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 105: Topoisomerase II as a Novel Antiviral Target against Panarenaviral Diseases
ro Yasuda Although many arenaviruses cause severe diseases with high fatality rates each year, treatment options are limited to off-label use of ribavirin, and a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccine is not available. To identify novel therapeutic candidates against arenaviral diseases, an RNA polymerase I-driven minigenome (MG) expression system for Lassa virus (LASV) was developed and optimized for high-throughput screening (HTS). Using this system, we screened 2595 FDA-approved compounds for inhibitors of LASV genome replication and identified multiple compounds including pixantrone maleate, a topoisom...
Source: Viruses - December 30, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Tosin Oladipo Afowowe Yasuteru Sakurai Shuzo Urata Vahid Rajabali Zadeh Jiro Yasuda Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 100: RNA Interference Approach Is a Good Strategy against SARS-CoV-2
ng-Huang Shen COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, created a devastating outbreak worldwide and consequently became a global health concern. However, no verifiable, specifically targeted treatment has been devised for COVID-19. Several emerging vaccines have been used, but protection has not been satisfactory. The complex genetic composition and high mutation frequency of SARS‑CoV‑2 have caused an uncertain vaccine response. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy is an efficient strategy to control various infectious diseases employing post-transcriptional gene silencing through the silencin...
Source: Viruses - December 29, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Ying-Ray Lee Huey-Pin Tsai Chun-Sheng Yeh Chiung-Yao Fang Michael W. Y. Chan Tzu-Yun Wu Cheng-Huang Shen Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 97: HLA-A, HSPA5, IGFBP5 and PSMA2 Are Restriction Factors for Zika Virus Growth in Astrocytic Cells
Conclusions: The top ZIKV dysregulated cellular networks were antimicrobial response, cell death, and energy production while top dysregulated functions were antigen presentation, viral replication and cytopathic impact. Th1 and interferon signaling pathways were among the top dysregulated canonical pathways. siRNA-mediated KD of HLA-A, IGFBP5, PSMA2 and HSPA5 increased ZIKV titers and protein synthesis, indicating they are ZIKV restriction factors. ZIKV infection also restored HLA-A expression in HLA-A KD cells by 48 h post-infection, suggesting interactions between this gene product and ZIKV.
Source: Viruses - December 29, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Affan A. Sher Ying Tenny Lao Kevin M. Coombs Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 2758: Culex Mosquito Piwi4 Is Antiviral against Two Negative-Sense RNA Viruses
We examined the effect of PIWI gene silencing on virus replication of two arboviruses and three insect-specific viruses in Cx. quinquefasciatus derived cells (Hsu) and Cx. tarsalis derived (CT) cells. We show that Piwi4 is antiviral against the La Crosse orthobunyavirus (LACV) in Hsu and CT cells, and the insect-specific rhabdovirus Merida virus (MERDV) in Hsu cells. None of the silenced PIWI genes impacted replication of the two flaviviruses Usutu virus (USUV) and Calbertado virus, or the phasivirus Phasi-Charoen-like virus. We further used small RNA sequencing to determine that LACV-derived piRNAs, but not USUV-derived p...
Source: Viruses - December 10, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Elizabeth Walsh Tran Zen B. Torres Claudia R ückert Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 2500: The Characterization of Three Novel Insect-Specific Viruses Discovered in the Bean Bug, Riptortus pedestris
In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the microenvironment in R. pedestris and provides viral information for the development of potential soybean insect-specific biocontrol agents.
Source: Viruses - November 11, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Chunyun Guo Zhuangxin Ye Biao Hu Shiqi Shan Jianping Chen Zongtao Sun Junmin Li Zhongyan Wei Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 2104: Analysis of the Function of LncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 in BHV-1-infected Bovine Kidney Subculture Cells by Transcriptome Sequencing
ifen Song Infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV−1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disease, conjunctivitis, or genital disease and cause serious economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. The role of long noncoding RNAs in BHV−1 infection is not well understood. To explore the role of lncRNA−MSTRG.16919.1 in bovine herpes virus type I (BHV−1) infected MDBK cells, the lncRNA−MSTRG.16919.1 gene was silenced and sequenced transcriptome and sequencing data were analyzed by Edge R software, Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encycl...
Source: Viruses - September 22, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Fan Zhang Kunsheng Jiang Yuchun Wang Jinzhu Ma Baifen Song Tags: Article Source Type: research

African swine fever virus MGF505-7R protein interacted with IRF7and TBK1 to inhibit type I interferon production
Virus Res. 2022 Sep 18:198931. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198931. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) employs diverse strategies to confront or evade host type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced antiviral responses. Moreover, the mechanisms of this process are largely unknown. Here, we assessed 27 ASFV proteins to determine whether any of them suppressed the cGAS-STING pathway to facilitate immune evasion. Using dual-luciferase assays, we found that ASFV MGF505-7R suppressed the activity of the IFN-β and ISRE promoters and the expression of IFN-I and ISGs. MGF505-7R interacted with IRF7 and TBK1, de...
Source: Virus Research - September 21, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Kaidian Yang Ying Xue Tianming Niu Xinyang Li Mingyang Cheng Meiying Bao Boshi Zou Chunwei Shi Jianzhong Wang Wentao Yang Nan Wang Yanlong Jiang Guilian Yang Yan Zeng Xin Cao Chunfeng Wang Source Type: research