Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 785: EV-A71 Mechanism of Entry: Receptors/Co-Receptors, Related Pathways and Inhibitors

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 785: EV-A71 Mechanism of Entry: Receptors/Co-Receptors, Related Pathways and Inhibitors Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15030785 Authors: Kanghong Hu Rominah Onintsoa Diarimalala Chenguang Yao Hanluo Li Yanhong Wei Enterovirus A71, a non-enveloped single-stranded (+) RNA virus, enters host cells through three stages: attachment, endocytosis and uncoating. In recent years, receptors/co-receptors anchored on the host cell membrane and involved in this process have been continuously identified. Among these, hSCARB-2 was the first receptor revealed to specifically bind to a definite site of the EV-A71 viral capsid and plays an indispensable role during viral entry. It actually acts as the main receptor due to its ability to recognize all EV-A71 strains. In addition, PSGL-1 is the second EV-A71 receptor discovered. Unlike hSCARB-2, PSGL-1 binding is strain-specific; only 20% of EV-A71 strains isolated to date are able to recognize and bind it. Some other receptors, such as sialylated glycan, Anx 2, HS, HSP90, vimentin, nucleolin and fibronectin, were discovered successively and considered as “co-receptors” because, without hSCARB-2 or PSGL-1, they are not able to mediate entry. For cypA, prohibitin and hWARS, whether they belong to the category of receptors or of co-receptors still needs further investigation. In fact, they have shown to exhibit an hSCARB-2-independent entry. All this information has gradually enriched our ...
Source: Viruses - Category: Virology Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research