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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Persistent virus in the silkworm cell lines: Bombyx mori latent virus
Uirusu. 2019;68(2):137-146. doi: 10.2222/jsv.68.137.ABSTRACTBombyx mori latent virus (BmLV) is a positive, single-stranded insect RNA virus with a close relationship to plant tymoviruses and currently classified as an "unclassified" tymovirus. BmLV is accumulated at extremely high levels only in cell lines derived from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, but it does not lead to lethality and establishes persistent infections. It was unknown whether BmLV affects the Baculovirus Expression Vector System using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus, and how BmLV replicates and establishes persistent infections in insect cell lines. In this ...
Source: Uirusu. Journal of Virology - September 17, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Masashi Iwanaga Source Type: research

Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection.
In this study, we screened the protein kinase inhibitors in inhibitory effects on the infection of Vero cells with SFTSV using InhibitorSelect™ Protein Kinase Library Series (Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Several types of inhibitors targeted to platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) inhibited the infection of Vero, Huh7, and NIH3T3 cells with SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner within the noncytotoxic range. In addition, these protein kinase inhibitors also inhibited the infection of the target cells with SFTSV glycoprotein (SFTSV-GP) pseudotyped virus (SFTSVpv). Activation of PDGFRβ phosphoryl...
Source: Antiviral Research - August 30, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Tani H, Kimura M, Yamada H, Fujii H, Taniguchi S, Shimojima M, Fukushi S, Morikawa S, Saijo M Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Enzymatically synthesized 2′-fluoro-modified Dicer-substrate siRNA swarms against herpes simplex virus demonstrate enhanced antiviral efficacy and low cytotoxicity
Publication date: October 2020Source: Antiviral Research, Volume 182Author(s): Alesia A. Levanova, Kiira M. Kalke, Liisa M. Lund, Nina Sipari, Mohammadreza Sadeghi, Marie C. Nyman, Henrik Paavilainen, Veijo Hukkanen, Minna M. Poranen
Source: Antiviral Therapy - August 27, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Protein (APMAP) promotes JC Virus (JCPyV) infection in human glial cells.
Abstract The demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by the human polyomavirus, JCPyV, under conditions of prolonged immunosuppression. Initial infection is asymptomatic, and the virus establishes lifelong persistence in the host. Following the loss of immune surveillance, the virus can traffic to the central nervous system and infect oligodendrocytes to cause demyelination and PML. The mechanisms involved in glial cell infection are not completely understood. In a screen for N-glycosylated proteins that influence JCPyV pathology, we identified Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Ass...
Source: Virology - August 27, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Haley SA, O'Hara BA, Atwood WJ Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 924: Viral Vectors Applied for RNAi-Based Antiviral Therapy
m RNA interference (RNAi) provides the means for alternative antiviral therapy. Delivery of RNAi in the form of short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have demonstrated efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases. Bioinformatics has played an important role in the design of efficient RNAi sequences targeting various pathogenic viruses. However, stability and delivery of RNAi molecules have presented serious obstacles for reaching therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, RNA modifications and formulation of nanoparticles have proven useful for non-...
Source: Viruses - August 22, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kenneth Lundstrom Tags: Review Source Type: research

Enzymatically synthesized 2'-fluoro-modified Dicer-substrate siRNA swarms against herpes simplex virus demonstrate enhanced antiviral efficacy and low cytotoxicity
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2020Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Alesia A. Levanova, Kiira M. Kalke, Liisa M. Lund, Nina Sipari, Mohammadreza Sadeghi, Marie C. Nyman, Henrik Paavilainen, Veijo Hukkanen, Minna M. Poranen
Source: Antiviral Therapy - August 14, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Enzymatically synthesized 2'-fluoro-modified Dicer-substrate siRNA swarms against herpes simplex virus demonstrate enhanced antiviral efficacy and low cytotoxicity.
Abstract Chemical modifications of small interfering (si)RNAs are used to enhance their stability and potency, and to reduce possible off-target effects, including immunogenicity. We have earlier introduced highly effective antiviral siRNA swarms against herpes simplex virus (HSV), targeting 653 bp of the essential UL29 viral gene. Here, we report a method for enzymatic production and antiviral use of 2'-fluoro-modified siRNA swarms. Utilizing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bacteriophage phi6, we produced 2'-F-siRNA swarms containing either all or a fraction of modified adenosine, cytidine or uridine residu...
Source: Antiviral Research - August 12, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Levanova AA, Kalke KM, Lund LM, Sipari N, Sadeghi M, Nyman MC, Paavilainen H, Hukkanen V, Poranen MM Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 871: The RNAi Pathway Is Important to Control Mayaro Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti but not for Wolbachia-Mediated Protection
o A. Moreira Mayaro virus (MAYV), a sylvatic arbovirus belonging to the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus, is responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks in several countries of Central and South America. Despite Haemagogus janthinomys being identified as the main vector of MAYV, laboratory studies have already demonstrated the competence of Aedes aegypti to transmit MAYV. It has also been demonstrated that the Wolbachia wMel strain is able to impair the replication and transmission of MAYV in Ae. aegypti. In Ae. aegypti, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is an important antiviral mechanism; however...
Source: Viruses - August 9, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Pedro H. F. Sucupira Álvaro G. A. Ferreira Thiago H. J. F. Leite Silvana F. de Mendon ça Fl ávia V. Ferreira Fernanda O. Rezende Jo ão T. Marques Luciano A. Moreira Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 748: aBravo Is a Novel Aedes aegypti Antiviral Protein that Interacts with, but Acts Independently of, the Exogenous siRNA Pathway Effector Dicer 2
lain Kohl Mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti, can transmit arboviruses to humans. The exogenous short interfering RNA (exo-siRNA) pathway plays a major antiviral role in controlling virus infection in mosquito cells. The Dicer 2 (Dcr2) nuclease is a key effector protein in this pathway, which cleaves viral double-stranded RNA into virus-derived siRNAs that are further loaded onto an effector called Argonaute 2 (Ago2), which as part of the multiprotein RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) targets and cleaves viral RNA. In order to better understand the effector protein Dcr2, proteomics experiments were conducted to ident...
Source: Viruses - July 10, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Margus Varjak Rommel J. Gestuveo Richard Burchmore Esther Schnettler Alain Kohl Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 650: PRMT5 Is Required for Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection In Vivo and Regulates BLV Gene Expression, Syncytium Formation, and Glycosylation In Vitro
In conclusion, PRMT5 overexpression is related to the development of BLV infection with a high proviral load and lymphoma stage and PRMT5 inhibition enhances BLV gene expression. This is the first study to investigate the role of PRMT5 in BLV infection in vivo and in vitro and to reveal a novel function for a small-molecule compound in BLV-gp51 glycosylation processing.
Source: Viruses - June 15, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Wlaa Assi Tomoya Hirose Satoshi Wada Ryosuke Matsuura Shin-nosuke Takeshima Yoko Aida Tags: Article Source Type: research