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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Rapamycin enhances lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma cells by increasing the transcriptional activities of immediate-early lytic promoters.
In this study, we assessed the effects of rapamycin on EBV reactivation in gastric carcinoma cells. We found that rapamycin upregulated expression of EBV lytic proteins and increased the viral proliferation triggered by the EBV lytic inducer sodium butyrate. Reverse transcription-qPCR, luciferase activity assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and western blotting were employed to explore the mechanism by which rapamycin promotes EBV reactivation. Our results showed that rapamycin treatment resulted in increased mRNA levels of EBV immediate-early genes. Rapamycin also enhanced the transcriptional activities of the EBV immed...
Source: Virus Research - November 20, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Wang M, Wu W, Zhang Y, Yao G, Gu B Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Investigation of alimentary canal ultrastructure following knockdown of the Dicer-2 gene in planthoppers reveals the potential pathogenicity of southern rice black streaked dwarf virus to its insect vector.
Abstract An increasing number of studies are suggesting that plant viruses, including southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), can adversely affect biological characteristics of insect vectors by unknown mechanisms. To study the adverse effect of SRBSDV at cellular level on the insect vector, we promoted viral infection by the disruption of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway. The transmission electron microscopy was utilized to describe the ultrastructural changes that occurred in insects when the core component of the siRNA pathway, Dicer-2, was knocked down. The increasing accumulation of SRBSDV...
Source: Virus Research - November 12, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Liu Y, Mao Q, Lan H, Wang H, Wei T, Chen Q Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Targeted inhibition of Hantavirus replication and intracranial pathogenesis by a chimeric protein-delivered siRNA
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Jie Yang, Ji-Feng Sun, Ting-Ting Wang, Xiao-Hong Guo, Jun-Xia Wei, Lin-Tao Jia, An-Gang Yang Hantavirus (HV) infection, which underlies hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, remains to be a severe clinical challenge. Here, we synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target the encoding sequences of HV strain 76-118, and validated their inhibitory role in virus replication in HV-infected monkey kidney Vero E6 cells. A chimeric protein, 3G1-Cκ-tP, consisting of a single-chain antibody...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - October 8, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Targeted inhibition of Hantavirus replication and intracranial pathogenesis by a chimeric protein-delivered siRNA.
Abstract Hantavirus (HV) infection, which underlies hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, remains to be a severe clinical challenge. Here, we synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target the encoding sequences of HV strain 76-118, and validated their inhibitory role in virus replication in HV-infected monkey kidney Vero E6 cells. A chimeric protein, 3G1-Cκ-tP, consisting of a single-chain antibody fragment (3G1) against the HV surface envelop glycoprotein, the constant region of human immunoglobulin κ chain (Cκ), and truncated protamine (amino acids 8-29,...
Source: Antiviral Research - October 7, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Yang J, Sun JF, Wang TT, Guo XH, Wei JX, Jia LT, Yang AG Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

The down-regulation of casein kinase 1 alpha as a host defense response against infectious bursal disease virus infection.
In conclusion, down-regulation of CK1α during IBDV infection as a host defense response increased abundance of IFNAR1, which in turn enhanced an inhibitory effect on IBDV replication. PMID: 28988058 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Virology - October 4, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Zhang L, Li H, Chen Y, Gao X, Lu Z, Gao L, Wang Y, Gao Y, Gao H, Liu C, Cui H, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Qi X, Wang X Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Protective role of Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase in Respiratory Syncytial Virus associated immune response in airway epithelial cells.
Abstract RSV is a major cause of severe lower respiratory infection in infants and young children. With no vaccine yet available, it is important to clarify mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Since indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunomodulatory enzyme and is upregulated with RSV infection, we studied it in vivo during infection of BALB/c mice and in vitro in A549 cells. RSV infection upregulated IDO transcripts in vivo and in vitro. IDO siRNA decreased IDO transcripts ~2 fold compared to control siRNA after RSV infection but this decrease did not affect RSV replication. In the presence of IFN-γ, siRNA-...
Source: Virology - September 27, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Rajan D, Chinnadurai R, Keefe EO, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Todd SO, Hartert TV, Galipeau J, Anderson LJ Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Biochemical analysis of NSs from different tospoviruses.
Abstract Tospoviruses suppress antiviral RNA interference by coding for an RNA silencing suppressor (NSs) protein. Previously, using NSs-containing crude plant and insect cell extracts, the affinity of NSs for double-stranded (ds)RNA molecules was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shifts assays (EMSAs). While NSs from tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) were able to bind small and long dsRNA molecules, the one from tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV), a distinct Asian tospovirus, only bound small dsRNA. Here, using bacterially expressed and purified NSs from GRSV and TYRV, it is...
Source: Virus Research - September 26, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Hedil M, de Ronde D, Kormelink R Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 257: Engineered Disease Resistance in Cotton Using RNA-Interference to Knock down Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala and Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite Expression
In this study, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) construct was designed to target the AC1 gene of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bu) and the βC1 gene and satellite conserved region of the Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). The AC1 gene and CLCuMB coding and non-coding regions function in replication initiation and suppression of the plant host defense pathway, respectively. The construct, Vβ, was transformed into cotton plants using the Agrobacterium-mediated embryo shoot apex cut method. Results from fluorescence in situ hybridization and karyotyping assays indicated that six of the 11 T1 pl...
Source: Viruses - September 14, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Aftab Ahmad Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman Usman Hameed Abdul Qayyum Rao Ammara Ahad Aneela Yasmeen Faheem Akram Kamran Bajwa Jodi Scheffler Idrees Nasir Ahmad Shahid Muhammad Iqbal Tayyab Husnain Muhammad Haider Judith Brown Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 201: Importance of Autophagy in Mediating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Morphine-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Inflammation in Human Astrocytes
Nazira El-Hage Under physiological conditions, the function of astrocytes in providing brain metabolic support is compromised under pathophysiological conditions caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids. Herein, we examined the role of autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway important for cellular homeostasis and survival, as a potential regulatory mechanism during pathophysiological conditions in primary human astrocytes. Blocking autophagy with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BECN1, but not the Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) gene, caused a significant decrease in HIV and morphine-induced intra...
Source: Viruses - July 28, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Myosotys Rodriguez Jessica Lapierre Chet Ojha Hary Estrada-Bueno Seth Dever David Gewirtz Fatah Kashanchi Nazira El-Hage Tags: Article Source Type: research

RNAi-mediated resistance to viruses: a critical assessment of methodologies
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 26 Author(s): Mikhail M Pooggin In plants, RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defense is mediated by multigenic families of Dicer-like enzymes generating small interfering (si)RNAs from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during replication and/or transcription of RNA and DNA viruses, and Argonaute enzymes binding viral siRNAs and targeting viral RNA and DNA for siRNA-directed posttranscriptional and transcriptional silencing. Successful viruses are able to suppress or evade the production or action of viral siRNAs. In antiviral biotech approa...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 26, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Identification of KX2-391 as an inhibitor of HBV transcription by a recombinant HBV-based screening assay
This study used recombinant HBV encoding NanoLuc to screen anti-HBV compounds from 1827 US Food and Drug Administration approved compounds and identified several compounds that suppressed HBV infection. Among them, KX2-391, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of SRC kinase and tubulin polymerization, was identified as a lead candidate for an anti-HBV drug. Treatment of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) transduced-HepG2 (HepG2-NTCP) or primary human hepatocytes with KX2-391 suppressed HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-HBV activity of KX2-391 appeared not to depend on SRC kinase activity be...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - June 16, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Identification of KX2-391 as an inhibitor of HBV transcription by a recombinant HBV-based screening assay.
This study used recombinant HBV encoding NanoLuc to screen anti-HBV compounds from 1827 US Food and Drug Administration approved compounds and identified several compounds that suppressed HBV infection. Among them, KX2-391, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of SRC kinase and tubulin polymerization, was identified as a lead candidate for an anti-HBV drug. Treatment of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) transduced-HepG2 (HepG2-NTCP) or primary human hepatocytes with KX2-391 suppressed HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-HBV activity of KX2-391 appeared not to depend on SRC kinase activity be...
Source: Antiviral Research - June 14, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Harada K, Nishitsuji H, Ujino S, Shimotohno K Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Human cytomegalovirus triggers the assembly of AIM2 inflammasome in THP ‐1‐derived macrophages
In conclusion, HCMV infection induces an AIM2 inflammasome response, which negatively influences viral life cycle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - May 8, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Yuan Huang, Lingling Liu, Di Ma, Yi Liao, Yuanyuan Lu, Heyu Huang, Wenqing Qin, Xinglou Liu, Feng Fang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Antiviral screen identifies EV71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV71 host factor.
Abstract Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease. EV71's pathogenesis remains poorly understood and the lack of approved antiviral has led to its emergence as a clinically important neurotropic virus. The goals of this study were to: (i) identify novel anti-EV71 compounds that may serve as lead molecules for therapeutics; and (ii) investigate their targets in downstream studies. We screened a 502-compound library of highly purified natural products for anti-EV71 activities in a cell-based immunofluorescence assay that w...
Source: Antiviral Research - April 17, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Wu KX, Chu JJ Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Antiviral screen identifies EV71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV71 host factor
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Kan Xing Wu, Justin Jang-Hann Chu Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease. EV71's pathogenesis remains poorly understood and the lack of approved antiviral has led to its emergence as a clinically important neurotropic virus. The goals of this study were to: (i) identify novel anti-EV71 compounds that may serve as lead molecules for therapeutics; and (ii) investigate their targets in downstream studies. We screened a 502-compound library of hi...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - April 17, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research