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Total 1410 results found since Jan 2013.

Antioxidant effects of diallyl trisulfide on high glucose-induced apoptosis are mediated by the PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that DATS protects against hyperglycemia-induced ROS-mediated apoptosis by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, which further activates Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyocytes exposed to HG.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - March 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cheng-Yen Tsai, Chien-Chung Wang, Tung-Yuan Lai, Han-Nien Tsu, Chung-Hsing Wang, Hsin-Yueh Liang, Wei-Wen Kuo Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Inhibition of Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain Protein 2 Increases Survival, Migratory Capacity and Paracrine Function of Human Early Outgrowth Cells Through Activation of the Sphingosine Kinase-1 Pathway: Implications for Endothelial Regeneration.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FHL2 negatively regulates EOC survival, migration and paracrine function. FHL2 inhibition in EOCs reduces apoptosis and enhances survival and migratory capacity of both EOCs and surrounding ECs by activation of the SK-1/S1P pathway, resulting in improvement of endothelial regeneration. PMID: 24084691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - October 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ebrahimian T, Arfa O, Simeone S, Lemarie CA, Lehoux S, Wassmann S Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

HMGB1 recruits hepatic stellate cells and liver endothelial cells to sites of ethanol induced parenchymal cell injury.
Abstract Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and liver endothelial cells (LEC) migrate to sites of injury and perpetuate alcohol induced liver injury. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein released from the nucleus of injured cells that has been implicated as a proinflammatory mediator. We hypothesized that HMGB1 may be released from ethanol-stimulated liver parenchymal cells and contribute to HSC and LEC recruitment. Ethanol stimulation of rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells resulted in translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus as assessed by Western blot. HMGB1 protein levels were increased in the supernatant of eth...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 3, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Seo YS, Kwon JH, Yaqoob U, Yang L, de Assuncao TM, Simonetto DA, Verma VK, Shah VH Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Induction but not inhibition of COX-2 confers human lung cancer cell apoptosis by celecoxib Research Articles
The antitumorigenic mechanism of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib is still a matter of debate. Among different structurally related COX-2 inhibitors, only celecoxib was found to cause apoptosis and cell death of human lung cancer cells (IC50 values of 19.96 µM [A549], 12.48 µM [H460], and 41.39 µM [H358]) that was paralleled by a time- and concentration-dependent upregulation of COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) at mRNA and protein levels. Apoptotic death of celecoxib-treated cancer cells was suppressed by the PPAR antagonist GW9662 and by siRNA targetin...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - October 9, 2013 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ramer, R., Walther, U., Borchert, P., Laufer, S., Linnebacher, M., Hinz, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Novel Effect of Paeonol on the Formation of Foam Cells: Promotion of LXRα-ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophages.
Abstract Paeonol, a phenolic component purified from Paeonia suffruticosa (Cortex Moutan), is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the effect of paeonol on cholesterol metabolism. We investigated the efficacy of paeonol on cholesterol metabolism and the underlying mechanism in macrophages and apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Treatment with paeonol markedly attenuated cholesterol accumulation induced by oxidized LDL in macrophages, which was due to increased cholesterol efflux. Additionally, paeonol enhanced the mRNA and protein expression o...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - October 18, 2013 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Zhao JF, Jim Leu SJ, Shyue SK, Su KH, Wei J, Lee TS Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research

HMGB1 recruits hepatic stellate cells and liver endothelial cells to sites of ethanol-induced parenchymal cell injury
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and liver endothelial cells (LEC) migrate to sites of injury and perpetuate alcohol-induced liver injury. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein released from the nucleus of injured cells that has been implicated as a proinflammatory mediator. We hypothesized that HMGB1 may be released from ethanol-stimulated liver parenchymal cells and contribute to HSC and LEC recruitment. Ethanol stimulation of rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells resulted in translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus as assessed by Western blot. HMGB1 protein levels were increased in the supernatant of ethanol-treated hepat...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - December 5, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Seo, Y. S., Kwon, J. H., Yaqoob, U., Yang, L., De Assuncao, T. M., Simonetto, D. A., Verma, V. K., Shah, V. H. Tags: INFLAMMATION/IMMUNITY/MEDIATORS Source Type: research

Sphingosine kinase 2 prevents the nuclear translocation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-2 and tyrosine 416 phosphorylated c-Src and increases estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell growth: The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-4.
Abstract We demonstrate that pre-treatment of estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells containing ectopically expressed HA-tagged sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-2 (S1P2) with the sphingosine kinase 1/2 inhibitor SKi (2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole) or the sphingosine kinase 2 selective inhibitor (R)-FTY720 methyl ether (ROMe) or sphingosine kinase 2 siRNA induced the translocation of HA-tagged S1P2 and Y416 phosphorylated c-Src to the nucleus of these cells. This is associated with reduced growth of HA-tagged S1P2 over-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment of HA-S1P2 over-expre...
Source: Cellular Signalling - January 29, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Ohotski J, Rosen H, Bittman R, Pyne S, Pyne NJ Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

CO-releasing molecules and increased heme oxygenase-1 induce protein S-glutathionylation to modulate NF-κB activity in endothelial cells.
Abstract Protein glutathionylation is a protective mechanism that functions in response to mild oxidative stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) can increase the ROS concentration from a low level via the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. We therefore hypothesized that CO would induce NF-κB-p65 glutathionylation and then show anti-inflammatory effects. In our present study, we found that CO releasing molecules suppress TNFα-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) and reduce ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, CO donors were further found to exert their inhibitory effects by blocking NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocatio...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 7, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Yeh PY, Li CY, Hsieh CW, Yang YC, Yang PM, Wung BS Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

P53 Dependent Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening Is Required for Dexamethasone‐Induced Death of Osteoblasts
Prolonged or overdose glucocorticoids (GCs) usage is the common cause of osteoporosis. In the present study, we studied the cellular mechanism of dexamethasone (Dex)‐induce osteoblast cell death by focusing on the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In cultured osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells, Dex‐induced mPTP opening, which was demonstrated by mitochondrial membrane potential (MPP) decrease, cyclophilin‐D (CyPD)–adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT‐1) mitochondrial complexation and cytochrome C (cyto‐C) release. The mPTP inhibitor sanglifehrin A (SfA) dramatically inhibited Dex‐induced...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - February 25, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Yun‐fang Zhen, Guo‐dong Wang, Lun‐qing Zhu, Shi‐ping Tan, Fu‐yong Zhang, Xiao‐zhong Zhou, Xiao‐dong Wang Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Protease-activated receptor-2 activates NQO-1 via Nrf2 stabilization in keratinocytes
Conclusion: Collectively, PAR-2 activation enhanced nuclear Nrf2 translocation, and PAR-2-mediated Nrf2 activation was attributable to existing Nrf2 stabilization rather than de novo production. Our findings suggest that in addition to induction of inflammation, PAR-2 can play a chemopreventative role via Nrf2 stabilization in keratinocytes.
Source: Journal of Dermatological Science - December 9, 2013 Category: Dermatology Authors: Ji Young Kim, Do Young Kim, Hyojung Son, Yoon Jee Kim, Sang Ho Oh Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Ezrin Is Down-Regulated in Diabetic Kidney Glomeruli and Regulates Actin Reorganization and Glucose Uptake via GLUT1 in Cultured Podocytes.
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. To characterize the early pathophysiological mechanisms leading to glomerular podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy, we performed quantitative proteomic profiling of glomeruli isolated from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and controls. Fluorescence-based two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, coupled with mass spectrometry, identified 29 differentially expressed spots, including actin-binding protein ezrin and its interaction partner, NHERF2, which were down-regulated in the streptozotocin...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - April 8, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Wasik AA, Koskelainen S, Hyvönen ME, Musante L, Lehtonen E, Koskenniemi K, Tienari J, Vaheri A, Kerjaschki D, Szalay C, Révész C, Varmanen P, Nyman TA, Hamar P, Holthöfer H, Lehtonen S Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

Inhibition of tumor growth by U0126 is associated with induction of interferon‐γ production
In this study, we determined that U0126, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, increased tumor‐free and survival rates and decreased growth of inoculated Lewis lung carcinomas in wild type mice. However, the protective effects were substantially attenuated in IFN‐γ deficient (IFN‐γ‐/‐) mice. At cellular and molecular levels, MEK1/2 inhibitors increased IFN‐γ protein and mRNA expression, activated natural IFN‐γ promoter but not the IFN‐γ promoters with mutations of the LXR responsive elements (LXREs). MEK1/2 inhibitors also enhanced formation of the LXRE‐nuclear protein complexes by inducing LXR expression and nuclear ...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - June 20, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xingzhe Ma, Qixue Wang, Ying Liu, Yuanli Chen, Ling Zhang, Meixiu Jiang, Xiaoju Li, Rong Xiang, Robert Q Miao, Yajun Duan, Jihong Han Tags: Cancer Cell Biology Source Type: research

Khz-cp (crude polysaccharide extract obtained from the fusion of Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporus umbellatus mycelia) induces apoptosis by increasing intracellular calcium levels and activating P38 and NADPH oxidase-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in SNU-1 cells
Conclusions: In summary, these data indicate that Khz-cp preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells and that the signaling mechanisms involve an increase in [Ca2+]i, P38 activation, and ROS generation via NADPH oxidase and mitochondria.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - July 10, 2014 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Tae KimJu KimZoo KimRen HuangYoung ChaeRen Wang Source Type: research

Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation Inhibits the Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp 70) by Sodium Arsenite in HeLa Cells.
Abstract O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible, post-translational, and regulatory modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic proteins that is responsive to cellular stress. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) by arsenite remains unclear. We used O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene) amino N-phenyl carbamate (PUGNAc), an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase, and glucosamine (GlcN), an enhancer of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, or O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) short interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance or suppress cel...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - August 9, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Miura Y, Sato T, Sakurai Y, Sakai R, Hiraoka W, Endo T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

908P * NUCLEAR EXPRESSION OF BCL10 HAS A ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF CELL GROWTH OF OVARIAN CANCER THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF NF-{kappa}B-DEPENDENT CYCLIN D1 SIGNALING
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that nuclear BCL10 plays an important role in controlling the growth and progression of ovarian cancer cells through NF-B dependent cyclin D1 regulation.Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Source: Annals of Oncology - September 24, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kuo, S., Chou, C., Chen, R., Cheng, A. Tags: gynaecological cancers Source Type: research